.. _testing:

================================================================
 Testing with Celery
================================================================

Tasks and unit tests
====================

To test task behavior in unit tests the preferred method is mocking.

.. admonition:: Eager mode

    The eager mode enabled by the :setting:`task_always_eager` setting
    is by definition not suitable for unit tests.

    When testing with eager mode you are only testing an emulation
    of what happens in a worker, and there are many discrepancies
    between the emulation and what happens in reality.

A Celery task is much like a web view, in that it should only
define how to perform the action in the context of being called as a task.

This means optimally tasks only handle things like serialization, message headers,
retries, and so on, with the actual logic implemented elsewhere.

Say we had a task like this:

.. code-block:: python

    from .models import Product


    @app.task(bind=True)
    def send_order(self, product_pk, quantity, price):
        price = Decimal(price)  # json serializes this to string.

        # models are passed by id, not serialized.
        product = Product.objects.get(product_pk)

        try:
            product.order(quantity, price)
        except OperationalError as exc:
            raise self.retry(exc=exc)


``Note``: A task being `bound <http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/userguide/tasks.html#bound-tasks>`_ means the first
argument to the task will always be the task instance (self). which means you do get a self argument as the
first argument and can use the Task class methods and attributes.

You could write unit tests for this task, using mocking like
in this example:

.. code-block:: python

    from pytest import raises

    from celery.exceptions import Retry

    # for python 2: use mock.patch from `pip install mock`.
    from unittest.mock import patch

    from proj.models import Product
    from proj.tasks import send_order

    class test_send_order:

        @patch('proj.tasks.Product.order')  # < patching Product in module above
        def test_success(self, product_order):
            product = Product.objects.create(
                name='Foo',
            )
            send_order(product.pk, 3, Decimal(30.3))
            product_order.assert_called_with(3, Decimal(30.3))

        @patch('proj.tasks.Product.order')
        @patch('proj.tasks.send_order.retry')
        def test_failure(self, send_order_retry, product_order):
            product = Product.objects.create(
                name='Foo',
            )

            # Set a side effect on the patched methods
            # so that they raise the errors we want.
            send_order_retry.side_effect = Retry()
            product_order.side_effect = OperationalError()

            with raises(Retry):
                send_order(product.pk, 3, Decimal(30.6))

.. _pytest_plugin:

pytest
======

.. versionadded:: 4.0

Celery also makes a :pypi:`pytest` plugin available that adds fixtures that you can
use in your integration (or unit) test suites.

Enabling
--------

Celery initially ships the plugin in a disabled state, to enable it you can either:

    * `pip install celery[pytest]`
    * `pip install pytest-celery`
    * or add `pytest_plugins = 'celery.contrib.pytest'` to your pytest.ini


Marks
-----

``celery`` - Set test app configuration.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The ``celery`` mark enables you to override the configuration
used for a single test case:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.mark.celery(result_backend='redis://')
    def test_something():
        ...


or for all the test cases in a class:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.mark.celery(result_backend='redis://')
    class test_something:

        def test_one(self):
            ...

        def test_two(self):
            ...

Fixtures
--------

Function scope
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

``celery_app`` - Celery app used for testing.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This fixture returns a Celery app you can use for testing.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    def test_create_task(celery_app, celery_worker):
        @celery_app.task
        def mul(x, y):
            return x * y

        assert mul.delay(4, 4).get(timeout=10) == 16

``celery_worker`` - Embed live worker.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This fixture starts a Celery worker instance that you can use
for integration tests.  The worker will be started in a *separate thread*
and will be shutdown as soon as the test returns.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    # Put this in your conftest.py
    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_config():
        return {
            'broker_url': 'amqp://',
            'result_backend': 'redis://'
        }

    def test_add(celery_worker):
        mytask.delay()


    # If you wish to override some setting in one test cases
    # only - you can use the ``celery`` mark:
    @pytest.mark.celery(result_backend='rpc')
    def test_other(celery_worker):
        ...

Session scope
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

``celery_config`` - Override to setup Celery test app configuration.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can redefine this fixture to configure the test Celery app.

The config returned by your fixture will then be used
to configure the :func:`celery_app`, and :func:`celery_session_app` fixtures.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_config():
        return {
            'broker_url': 'amqp://',
            'result_backend': 'rpc',
        }


``celery_parameters`` - Override to setup Celery test app parameters.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can redefine this fixture to change the ``__init__`` parameters of test
Celery app. In contrast to :func:`celery_config`, these are directly passed to
when instantiating :class:`~celery.Celery`.

The config returned by your fixture will then be used
to configure the :func:`celery_app`, and :func:`celery_session_app` fixtures.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_parameters():
        return {
            'task_cls':  my.package.MyCustomTaskClass,
            'strict_typing': False,
        }

``celery_worker_parameters`` - Override to setup Celery worker parameters.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can redefine this fixture to change the ``__init__`` parameters of test
Celery workers. These are directly passed to
:class:`~celery.worker.WorkController` when it is instantiated.

The config returned by your fixture will then be used
to configure the :func:`celery_worker`, and :func:`celery_session_worker`
fixtures.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_worker_parameters():
        return {
            'queues':  ('high-prio', 'low-prio'),
            'exclude_queues': ('celery'),
        }


``celery_enable_logging`` - Override to enable logging in embedded workers.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is a fixture you can override to enable logging in embedded workers.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_enable_logging():
        return True

``celery_includes`` - Add additional imports for embedded workers.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can override fixture to include modules when an embedded worker starts.

You can have this return a list of module names to import,
which can be task modules, modules registering signals, and so on.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_includes():
        return [
            'proj.tests.tasks',
            'proj.tests.celery_signal_handlers',
        ]

``celery_worker_pool`` - Override the pool used for embedded workers.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can override fixture to configure the execution pool used for embedded
workers.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_worker_pool():
        return 'prefork'

.. warning::

    You cannot use the gevent/eventlet pools, that is unless your whole test
    suite is running with the monkeypatches enabled.

``celery_session_worker`` - Embedded worker that lives throughout the session.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This fixture starts a worker that lives throughout the testing session
(it won't be started/stopped for every test).

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    # Add this to your conftest.py
    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def celery_config():
        return {
            'broker_url': 'amqp://',
            'result_backend': 'rpc',
        }

    # Do this in your tests.
    def test_add_task(celery_session_worker):
        assert add.delay(2, 2) == 4

.. warning::

    It's probably a bad idea to mix session and ephemeral workers...

``celery_session_app`` - Celery app used for testing (session scope).
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This can be used by other session scoped fixtures when they need to refer
to a Celery app instance.

``use_celery_app_trap`` - Raise exception on falling back to default app.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is a fixture you can override in your ``conftest.py``, to enable the "app trap":
if something tries to access the default or current_app, an exception
is raised.

Example:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
    def use_celery_app_trap():
        return True


If a test wants to access the default app, you would have to mark it using
the ``depends_on_current_app`` fixture:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.mark.usefixtures('depends_on_current_app')
    def test_something():
        something()
