LAST(1)

NAME
last - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS
last [-n] [-f file] [-h host] [-s] [-t tty] [-w] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION
Last will list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order. Each line of output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

- n Limits the report to n lines.

-f file
    Last reads the file file instead of the default, /var/log/wtmp.

-h host
    Host names may be names or internet numbers.

-s  Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the default days, hours and minutes.

-t tty
    Specify the tty. Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, “last -t 03” is equivalent to “last -t tty03”.

-w  Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the default days, hours and minutes.

If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g., “last root -t console” would list all of “root's” sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.

The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus “last reboot” will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the search has progressed and then continues.

FILES
/var/log/wtmp
    login data base

SEE ALSO
lastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)

BUGS
If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. In this case, last will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".

HISTORY
Last appeared in 3.0BSD.