 %%%osuGuide.tex
 %%% 9 June 1992
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\centerline{Ohio State Mathematical Research Institute Publications}

\bigskip

 \centerline{Guidelines for {\TeX} manuscript preparation}

 \centerline{--- version of June, 1992 ---}

\centerline{L.S. Siebenmann and W.D. Neumann}
\bigskip

        These guidelines are for the preparation using {\TeX} of
articles for publication in Proceedings volumes of the Institute,
which are published by the Walter de Gruyter Verlag.  

        De Gruyter will be using high quality production techniques that
demand careful preparation; they include the {\TeX} typesetting program
together with a high resolution Linotronic raster image processor of the
{Post\-Script} norm.

        The editors of the Proceedings are responsible both for refereeing
the submissions and for supervising the {\TeX} production in accordance
with book specifications provided by de Gruyter.

        The editors hope that many authors will assist in the preparation
by submitting {\TeX} typescript.  {\it If at all possible}, use our style
files described below.  As dividend for this effort, the electronic
methods we offer will, used in conjunction with email, improve and
accelerate production, refereeing, and proofing of your article.

        Any {\TeX} typescript that is carefully prepared using {\it
logical formatting} (see below) can be converted to our style without
undue effort. Indeed, almost any electronic version is better than paper
alone.  (For example submission based on {\tt amsppt.sty} can save us 70
to 80 percent over retyping).

        The necessary electronic data include a preprint style which
should run with no difficulty on all systems, and the publisher's
style which is more demanding.  They are available by Email or on
diskette from the editors, and by anonymous ftp from the directory
pub/osutex on shape.mps.ohio-state.edu.  For the preprint style you
need at a minimum:
\medskip 
\BItem {\tt osuguide.tex}: The current version of this guide (Plain \TeX).  
\BItem {\tt osumrip.sty}: The preprint style file. Do not change!  
\BItem {\tt osutest.tex}: A sample, testbed, and article skeleton.  
\medskip

        This guide refers mostly to the preprint style.  For extra
guidance about the publisher's style {\tt osudeG.sty}, see the
appendix to this guide.

        Either the Plain {\TeX} format or the {\AmSTeX} format may be
used.  {\AmSTeX} is essentially an extension of Plain {\TeX} with
extra features for complicated mathematical work.  {\AmSTeX} users
should refrain from using the {\tt \\Topmatter ...
\\endTopmatter} formalism of the {\tt amsppt.sty} style file since it
is not compatible with our style.  Also the {\AmSTeX} itemization macros
can interfere with the spacing of our style, so they should be avoided
if possible.

        Every typescript should begin as follows:
 \Lines
 \%\% Respect the following order!
 \\input amstex.tex \% AmSTeX users only
 \\input amsppt.sty \% inveterate AmSTeX users only
 \\input osumrip.sty \% everyone (unless you are using osudeG.sty)
 \endLines
 If you are using a precompiled {\AmSTeX} format, the first two lines are
probably redundant.

        The style file {\tt osumrip.sty} has been carefully tailored to
{\it simultaneously} match the needs of {\AmSTeX} and Plain {\TeX}.
Incidentally, the file itself includes some comments complementing the
the documentation below.

	Any personal macros should be included at the head of the
paper after the above input lines (rather than {\tt \\input} from a
separate personal macro file that could get separated from your paper).

\Hd  Fonts.  The publisher uses PostScript fonts for all
prose, whereas many {\TeX} installations offer only the Computer
Modern fonts.  Consequently the preprint style \hbox{\tt osumrip.sty}
uses only Computer Modern fonts and a font substitution will be made
later.  To facilitate this, we ask contributors {\it not}
to specify font changes explicitly in their prose, but rather to rely
on the logical formatting commands explained below to administer fonts
automatically.

       Where mathematics is concerned, the situation is slightly
different. The publisher uses standard Computer Modern math
fonts supplemented by Amer.\ Math.\ Soc.\ ({\AmS}) math fonts.  The
{\AmS} fonts contribute notably Blackboard bold and  Fraktur typefaces
plus a large collection of exotic mathematical symbols.  {\AmSTeX}
loads these automatically or provides simple means for loading them.

Although {\tt osumrip.sty} does not load the \AmS\ fonts, users of Plain may
load them explicitly. The easiest way to load 
the principal {\AmS} symbol fonts is to include the commands:
 \Lines
 \ \ \ \\input amssym.def \\input amssym.tex
 \endLines
\noindent Then {\tt \\Bbb} will work for blackboard bold.  
Moreover, the second of these input statements has loaded the standard
{\AmS} symbol names (it can be omitted if this is not needed). Users
of Plain who do not have these fonts available and expect to use only
Blackboard bold, can simplify by using bold as a surrogate, and
leaving a note to this effect, for example: 
\Lines 
\ \ \ \\def\\Bbb\#1\{\{\\bf\#1\}\} \ \%\% Blackboard bold surrogate 
\endLines 
\noindent Use of blackboard bold for the real and complex numbers 
and other standard objects is encouraged.


     One last font problem: mathematics in titles may not look right under
{\tt osumrip.sty}, again because too few fonts are loaded; this problem
sorts itself out under the publisher style {\tt osudeG.sty} which
loads plenty of fonts, and you will want to check on this in proofing.
 
\Hd  Mathematics. Just one restriction on the typesetting of mathematics
need be mentioned.

\BItem  Equation numbers should be set {\it on the right}, using a single
macro, say {\tt \\eqno} for Plain or {\tt \\tag} for {\AmSTeX}.

\noindent But a few pitfalls will be mentioned below.

\Hd  Graphics.  Make your drawings with care, to assure clarity, and, if
possible, beauty.  This is the most important point.

        PostScript graphics are preferred, but ink drawings can be
used.  Macintosh graphics norms can be converted to PostScript, but
since drawings will be rescaled, please do {\it not} use bitmaps
(MacPaint \dots{}), but rather vectorized graphics (MacDraw \dots{}).

Labels are most often created within a graphics program.
Please anticipate scaling in choosing the size of
your figure labels. It is a good rule of thumb to make the labels
as large as proportions permit; and then scale the figure
to bring the labels to a size between 9 and 11 points.

        On the other hand, {\TeX} labelling is possible;
and it even becomes necessary when complex mathematical
expressions occur.  A {\TeX} labelling facility LabelFig.tex
is available from the above sources.

        Our style provides facilities for including PostScript
figures.  A typical figure insertion will have the form of the following
example:
 \Lines
 \\midinsert
  \ \ \ \\centerline\{\\BoxedEPSF\{myfile.ps\}\}
  \ \ \ \\FigureTitle\{Figure 1.1\}
 \\endinsert
 \endLines
 The use of {\tt \\midinsert ... \\endinsert} is necessary to avoid
pagebreaking problems.  The insertion will then occasionally be floated
to a following page---which in turn makes the figure title necessary.
{\it Explicitly} refer therefore to figure titles in your text; this a
second important point.

        The scaling of the figure will normally have to be adjusted. One
can, for example, use  {\tt \{myfile.ps scaled 500\}} in place of {\tt
\{myfile.ps\}}, to scale down to 500 mils ($=50\%$), but there are many
good alternatives.  For example, one can scale to force width or
height to a specified dimension, by preceding the figure with one (not
both) of the commands: {\tt\\ForceWidth\{<dimen>\},
\\ForceHeight\{<dimen>\}}.  Such a command takes precedence over any
other scaling command that might be present and applies only to the
following figure.

        To get your figure to print at your TeX site requires a special
setting of the form {\tt \\Set<mydriver>EPSFSpecial}.

        For more help with graphics integration (but not with the original
execution!) contact the editors, or obtain the file {\tt BoxedEPS.doc}
from the above-mentioned sources.

  The above instructions on using {\tt \\midinsert} and {\tt \\FigureTitle} and
referring to figures by name should be adhered to even if you are pasting
in hand-drawn figures.  In this case an appropriate way to leave desired
space for the figure is:
\Lines
\\midinsert
\\vskip 3in  \%\% or whatever size is appropriate for your figure
\\FigureTitle\{Figure 1.1\}
\\endinsert
\endLines

\Hd  Logical Formatting.  Please use what is called `logical formatting'.
This means formatting in which {\it the typist takes no part in choice of
fonts or page layout}, but instead specifies the logical roles of the
various parts of the article. If you need some non-standard formatting,
define a macro in the preamble of your article to do it. Any non-standard
formatting that we need to change can then be changed by rewriting one of
your {\tt \\def}'s.

\medskip Here are some macros for logical formatting defined for our
style.
 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Headings.}  Three levels are distinguished. The first is for title
and author.

 \Lines
 \\H  <The article title>
 \ \ \ <blank line>
 \ M. B. Jones \qquad \% the author, initials first
 \ \ \ <blank line>
 \endLines

 \noindent Comments:  There {\it must} be a blank line after title and after
author.  A line break can be specified in a title by inserting {\tt
{\\}{\\}} at the break.

 \Lines
 \\HH <Section heading> <Blank Line>

 \\HHH <Subsection heading> <Blank Line>
 \endLines
 \noindent
 Comments:  These headings are again terminated by blank lines. Numbering
(if any) should come first.  Do not supply a period at the end. Do not
capitalize all letters of any title.
 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Proclamations.}

 \Lines
 \\th <theorem title>(Blank Line)<theorem statement>\\endth
 \\pf <proof title>(Blank Line)<proof body>\\endpf or \\qed
 \\df <definition title>(Blank Line)<definition body>\\enddf
 \\rk <remark title>(Blank Line)<definition body>\\endrk
 \\eg <example title>(Blank Line)<example body>\\endeg
 \endLines

 \noindent Comments: Place theorem numbers etc.\  at the end of the
theorem title (and not before), as in
 \Lines
 \vbox{\\th Proposition 1.3
 \ \ \ <blank line>
 This is the statement...\\endth}
 \endLines
 \noindent
 As with headings, the blank line is an essential part of the syntax.  The
{\tt \\th} macro will cover notions like Proposition, Lemma, Corollary
etc.  Do not explicitly specify a special font for the theorem statement.
Do not supply punctuation at the end of a theorem title, but {\it do}
supply punctuation at the end of the statement. It is perfectly
acceptable to have empty lines (i.e. new paragraphs) in the theorem
statement.

     Similarly for {\tt \\pf}, {\tt \\df}, {\tt \\rk}, {\tt \\eg}.
Each {\tt \\end<whatever>} is compulsory, but {\tt \\endpf} may be
replaced by {\tt \\qed} which gives a right-aligned end of proof mark
({\tt \\endpf} does not). {\tt \\qed} should precede {\tt \\endth} for
a proclamation with omitted proof. {\tt \\qed} may also be used
without a matching {\tt \\pf}; this often occurs when proofs are
nested.  Finally, when you want an end-of-proof mark at the end of a
displayed line, you will unfortunately have to proceed by subterfuge
and type {\tt \\eqno\{\\quedbox\}} for Plain, or {\tt
\\tag"\\quedbox"} for \AmSTeX.


 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Emphasis}.  

Font changes should {\it never} be specified
explicitly. However, two sorts of emphasis can be specified for segments
of text (outside of titles):
 \Lines
 \\em\{<emphasized text>\}
 \\Em\{<strongly emphasized text>\}
 \endLines
 \noindent
 Comments:  These are for text within a paragraph, excluding numerals or
math. The first would normally be rendered by italic or slanted type.
(Underlining is unsuitable for formal print.)  The second is to be visible
from afar and might be rendered by bold italic; it is appropriate for
notions being defined for the first time.
 \bigskip

  \BItem {\it Itemized lists} 

Use {\tt \\Item\{<tag>\}} and {\tt \\ItemItem\{<tag>\}} instead of the
Plain TeX {\tt \\item\{<tag>\}} and {\tt \\itemitem\{<tag>\}}.  This
sets the item tag in roman and left-justifies it. An itemized list may
be enclosed in a {\tt\\Roster} {\tt\\endRoster} pair to put small
extra space before and after.

\noindent Comments: Itemized lists
using the ``item'' macros are overused. They are most effective for
short lists (less than half a page) or lists of short items.
Long lists should use non-indented itemization. The command 
{\tt \\Nr\{<tag>\}} replaces {\tt \\Item} for this purpose.

The amount of indentation of an itemized list can be increased
to allow larger tags by the commands {\tt \\MaxItemTag\{<tag>\}},
{\tt\\MaxItemItemTag\{<tag>\}}, or {\tt \\MaxNRTag\{<tag>\}}, as in
 \Lines
 \ \\Roster
 \ \\MaxItemTag{(****)}
 \  \\Item{(*)} first item;
 \ ...
 \ \\Item{(****)} fourth item.
 \ \\endRoster
 \endLines
The effect of {\tt \\MaxItemTag} is local to the given {\tt \\Roster}
{\tt\\endRoster} group.  There is a similar {\tt \\MaxReferenceTag} available
for the indentation in the bibliography. These facilities should be
used sparingly, and noted in comments in the preamble of your paper if
used at all.


 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Footnotes}.
 \nobreak
 \Lines
 \\note\{<the footnote>\}
 \endLines\noindent will give an automatically numbered footnote.
 \Lines
 \\footnote\{*\}\{<the footnote>\}
 \endLines\noindent will give a footnote with tag *.

 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Vertical spacing}.  

It should almost never be specified explicitly.
Use {\tt \\skipaline} if a vertical gap is absolutely necessary to make
meaning clear.

 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it References}. 

{\tt \\cite\{Th2, Chap 7\}} indicates a reference to
chapter 7 of the bibliography reference with tag Th2. It will print as
[{\bf Th2}, Chap 7].

 \medskip
  \BItem
 {\it Bibliography}.  De Gruyter proposes rather informal formatting:

 \Lines
 \vbox{
 \\Bib    References
 \qquad<blank line>
 \\rf\{Ce1\} A. B. Cee, On a lemma of Dee, %
               Invent.\ Math.\ 99 (1999), 1--99
 \\rf\{Ce2\}  etc.
 $\vdots$

 \\endBib}
 \endLines

 \noindent Comments: Again note the empty line and the {\tt \\endBib}. Follow
the conventions of order, abbreviation, and punctuation used by AMS
journals. But do not bother with font changes.
 \medskip

 Your paper should end with
 \Lines
 \\Coordinates
 \ Your address\\\\
 \ more address\\\\
 \ ...
 \ last address line
 \ ~
 \ Email address if you want
 \\endCoordinates
 \endLines
 \noindent For multiple authors the addresses should be listed sequentially,
each one in a {\tt \\Coordinates \\endCordinates} pair.

 \Hd Overfull boxes, bad page breaks, and the like.

Line and page breaks will change in the production version of your
paper, since it will use PostScript fonts, and the preprint uses
Computer Modern (even if you use the publisher's style {\tt
osudeG.sty}, updates could change breaks).  Thus any ad hoc formatting
you use to improve breaks in your preprints are likely to have bad
effects in the production version.  If you have overfull boxes or bad
breaks in your preprint that you cannot live with, please bring our
attention to any ad hoc formatting you have used to correct them.
E.g., you might put a comment in the preamble:

\Lines \%\% Have used \\allowbreak, \\break, and %
  \\eject to correct bad breaks \endLines

  \Hd Particular difficulties.

 {\bf{a) }}   Avoid including English punctuation in mathematics.
\nobreak\par \noindent For example, type ``{\tt \$A\$, \$B\$ and \$C\$}'' and
not ``{\tt  \$A\ ,\ B\$ and \$C\$}''.

        However, English punctuation is often forced to appear within
displays. And there it may be subject to special spacing rules dictated by
the publisher's style.  To allow this, it is suggested that you flag it by
the macro {\tt \\prose}. For example:
 \Lines
 \$\$E=MC\^{}2\\prose!\$\$
 \endLines\noindent The English exclamation mark will then be spaced
slightly away from the formula.
 \medskip

 {\bf{b) }}   Mathematical objects, operations etc. that are designated by
a sequence of more than one latin letters should be typeset in upright
(roman) type. (Beginners tend to use math italics.) It is best to define
such objects at the start of your article. Our style provides the command 
{\tt \\mop\{..\}} for this purpose (it is an improved abbreviation of the
plain {\TeX} {\tt \\mathop\{\\rm ..\}}), as in:
 \Lines
 \\def\\Diffeo\{\\mop\{Diffeo\}\}
 \endLines 
or 
 \Lines
 Let \$G = \\Gamma / \\mop\{Torsion\} \$
 \endLines
It is important to distinguish such mathematical objects from
a bit of prose in a display; the latter should be rendered by 
{\tt \\text\{the prose\}}, as in {\AmSTeX} (see also item {\bf h)} below).
Such prose is usually separated by a {\tt\\quad} of space from math, as in
 \Lines
 \$\$ 0=x-x \\quad\\text\{for all \}\\quad x \\in \\Bbb Z \$\$
 \endLines
 \medskip
 {\bf{c) }}   Beware of inserting unwanted empty lines. \nobreak\par
\noindent Accidental and unwanted empty lines commonly creep in before or
after a displayed equation. They may create an unwanted space and/or
indentation and/or pagebreak. Incidentally, our syntax for logical
formatting requires many empty lines --- not just to make the typing
legible, but to prevent empty lines from doing damage at such points.
\medskip {\bf{d) }} 
Labels on figures (diagrams) are often too small.
\nobreak\par \noindent It is a good rule to make them as large as is
acceptable to your sense of proportion. The figure is then usually
reduced to make the labels of about the size of text characters.
Incidentally, it is permissible (even traditional) to choose for
labels a font (such as Helvetica) which contrasts with the text font.
\medskip {\bf{e) }} Use capital letters sparingly. \nobreak\par
\noindent In a proclamation title or in a heading, normally only the
first word should be capitalized.  An `all capital' style and
underlining were necessary in the age of typewriters because there was
no way to change typeface.  
\medskip {\bf f) } Do not confuse the
hyphen - (entered as ``{\tt-}''), the en-dash -- (entered as
``{\tt--}'') and the em-dash --- (entered as ``{\tt---}'').  The
em-dash is used as punctuation---as in this sentence.  The en-dash is
used for ranges as in ``January--May'' or ``pages 1--30'' (e.g., in
bibliographies), and the hyphen is used in compound words such as
``number-theory.''  American style puts no space around the em-dash
while european style prefers space.  Choose your preference but be
consistent. Avoid the style that uses a spaced en-dash in
punctuation---this can be confused with a minus sign in mathematical
text.  
\medskip {\bf g)} Protect periods representing abbreviations.
\nobreak\par\noindent {\TeX} puts extra space after a
period that it thinks is the end of a sentence.  Protect periods that
do not end a sentence as follows: {\tt abbreviations etc.\\ are what
you must watch for}.  This is not necessary in the bibliography, where
the extra space is turned off.  It is not necessary after ``e.g.'' and
``i.e.''  if you follow correct style which dictates that these should
be always followed by a comma!
\medskip 
{\bf h) } Since the published manuscript will be set with text in
PostScript fonts and mathematics in Computer Modern, it is important
that {\it all} mathematics and {\it only} mathematics be in \TeX's
math mode.  This is also important to obtain correct spacing since
\TeX\ provides a facility, used by the publisher's style files, to put
extra space around mathematics.  For example, mathematical numbers
must be put between \$ signs, and section or theorem numbers and the
like should {\it not} be.  Prose can be included within mathematics by
using {\tt \\text\{text to be in text font\}}.  See also item {\bf b)}
above.
\medskip 
{\bf i) } Where something is wrong, questionable, or missing, please
leave some sign so that the matter is not simply forgotten---for
example {\tt\\XX} will produce a couple of highly visible black boxes.

\Hd Appendix: Miscellanious comments and the publisher's style files.

The style files supply some miscellanious math accents --- see
the files themselves for information.  In particular, improved versions
of {\tt\\overline} are provided, namely {\tt\\Overline} and {\tt\\SOverline}
for overlining straight and slanted characters respectively (most math
characters slant).

A {\TeX} file that conforms to this guide should work with no or
essentially no change with the publisher's style file {\tt
osudeG.sty}.  You are encouraged to try it (you need the files {\tt
osudeG.sty}, {\tt osuparam.sty}, {\tt BoxedEPS.tex}, {\tt
osuPSfnt.sty}, and {\tt osuCMfnt.sty} from the above-mentioned
sources; replace ``{\tt\\input osumrip.sty}'' by ``{\tt\\input
osudeG.sty}'' at the head of your article).  You should read the
associated file {\tt osuparam.sty} and probably edit it to work with
your local setup.  In particular, it gives several options for using
PostScript fonts, since this is not a standardized part of {\TeX}.  If
none of them work for you, it also has the option of using standard
computer modern instead.  You will need to use
{\tt\\SetAuthorHead\{your name\}} and {\tt\\SetTitleHead\{Title of
paper\}} in the preamble to your document to set the running heads for
your paper.  The style files include comments describing other
facilities.


\bye
