EMBOSS: biosed

| biosed

## Wiki

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## Function

Replace or delete sequence sections

## Description

biosed is a simple sequence editing utility that searches for a target subsequence in one or more input sequences and replaces it with an insert subsequence, or optionally, just deletes the target subsequence where found. If the target subsequence occurs more than once, then each instance of the target is replaced or deleted.

The `-position` option allows a sequence position to be specified as an additional constraint for the match: a replacement / deletion only occurs if the start of a match is at the specified `-position` position.

## Algorithm

The target subsequence is just a short, literal sequence of characters. biosed cannot interpret cannot any sort of an ambiguity pattern such as a regular expression. A simple string match is done between the target and input sequences. If there is an exact matches then the replacement or deletion is done. The matching is case insensitive, independent of the case of both the input sequences and target.

## Usage

Here is a sample session with biosed

Replace all 'T's with 'U's to create an RNA sequence

    % biosed tembl:x65923 x65923.rna -target T -replace U
    Replace or delete sequence sections

Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example

Example 2

Replace all 'PPP' protein motifs with 'XXPPPXX'

    % biosed tsw:amir_pseae amir_pseae.pep -target PPP -replace XXPPPXX
    Replace or delete sequence sections

Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example

## Command line arguments

    Replace or delete sequence sections
    Version: EMBOSS:6.5.6.0

       Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
      [-sequence]          seqall     (Gapped) sequence(s) filename and optional
                                      format, or reference (input USA)
       -targetregion       string     [N] Sequence section to match (Any string)
    *  -replace            string     [A] Replacement sequence section (Any
                                      string)
      [-outseq]            seqout     [.] Sequence filename and
                                      optional format (output USA)

       Additional (Optional) qualifiers:
       -position           integer    [0] Sequence position to match (Integer 0 or
                                      more)

       Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers:
       -delete             toggle     [N] Delete the target sequence sections

       Associated qualifiers:

       "-sequence" associated qualifiers
       -sbegin1            integer    Start of each sequence to be used
       -send1              integer    End of each sequence to be used
       -sreverse1          boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
       -sask1              boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
       -snucleotide1       boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
       -sprotein1          boolean    Sequence is protein
       -slower1            boolean    Make lower case
       -supper1            boolean    Make upper case
       -scircular1         boolean    Sequence is circular
       -sformat1           string     Input sequence format
       -iquery1            string     Input query fields or ID list
       -ioffset1           integer    Input start position offset
       -sdbname1           string     Database name
       -sid1               string     Entryname
       -ufo1               string     UFO features
       -fformat1           string     Features format
       -fopenfile1         string     Features file name

       "-outseq" associated qualifiers
       -osformat2          string     Output seq format
       -osextension2       string     File name extension
       -osname2            string     Base file name
       -osdirectory2       string     Output directory
       -osdbname2          string     Database name to add
       -ossingle2          boolean    Separate file for each entry
       -oufo2              string     UFO features
       -offormat2          string     Features format
       -ofname2            string     Features file name
       -ofdirectory2       string     Output directory

       General qualifiers:
       -auto               boolean    Turn off prompts
       -stdout             boolean    Write first file to standard output
       -filter             boolean    Read first file from standard input, write
                                      first file to standard output
       -options            boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
       -debug              boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
       -verbose            boolean    Report some/full command line options
       -help               boolean    Report command line options and exit. More
                                      information on associated and general
                                      qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
       -warning            boolean    Report warnings
       -error              boolean    Report errors
       -fatal              boolean    Report fatal errors
       -die                boolean    Report dying program messages
       -version            boolean    Report version number and exit

Qualifier | Type | Description | Allowed values | Default
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers
[-sequence] (Parameter 1) | seqall | (Gapped) sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence(s) | Required
-targetregion | string | Sequence section to match | Any string | N
-replace | string | Replacement sequence section | Any string | A
[-outseq] (Parameter 2) | seqout | Sequence filename and optional format (output USA) | Writeable sequence | <*>.format
Additional (Optional) qualifiers
-position | integer | Sequence position to match | Integer 0 or more | 0
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers
-delete | toggle | Delete the target sequence sections | Toggle value Yes/No | No
Associated qualifiers
"-sequence" associated seqall qualifiers
-sbegin1 -sbegin_sequence | integer | Start of each sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0
-send1 -send_sequence | integer | End of each sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0
-sreverse1 -sreverse_sequence | boolean | Reverse (if DNA) | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-sask1 -sask_sequence | boolean | Ask for begin/end/reverse | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-snucleotide1 -snucleotide_sequence | boolean | Sequence is nucleotide | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-sprotein1 -sprotein_sequence | boolean | Sequence is protein | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-slower1 -slower_sequence | boolean | Make lower case | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-supper1 -supper_sequence | boolean | Make upper case | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-scircular1 -scircular_sequence | boolean | Sequence is circular | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-sformat1 -sformat_sequence | string | Input sequence format | Any string |
-iquery1 -iquery_sequence | string | Input query fields or ID list | Any string |
-ioffset1 -ioffset_sequence | integer | Input start position offset | Any integer value | 0
-sdbname1 -sdbname_sequence | string | Database name | Any string |
-sid1 -sid_sequence | string | Entryname | Any string |
-ufo1 -ufo_sequence | string | UFO features | Any string |
-fformat1 -fformat_sequence | string | Features format | Any string |
-fopenfile1 -fopenfile_sequence | string | Features file name | Any string |
"-outseq" associated seqout qualifiers
-osformat2 -osformat_outseq | string | Output seq format | Any string |
-osextension2 -osextension_outseq | string | File name extension | Any string |
-osname2 -osname_outseq | string | Base file name | Any string |
-osdirectory2 -osdirectory_outseq | string | Output directory | Any string |
-osdbname2 -osdbname_outseq | string | Database name to add | Any string |
-ossingle2 -ossingle_outseq | boolean | Separate file for each entry | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-oufo2 -oufo_outseq | string | UFO features | Any string |
-offormat2 -offormat_outseq | string | Features format | Any string |
-ofname2 -ofname_outseq | string | Features file name | Any string |
-ofdirectory2 -ofdirectory_outseq | string | Output directory | Any string |
General qualifiers
-auto | boolean | Turn off prompts | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-stdout | boolean | Write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-filter | boolean | Read first file from standard input, write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-options | boolean | Prompt for standard and additional values | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-debug | boolean | Write debug output to program.dbg | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-verbose | boolean | Report some/full command line options | Boolean value Yes/No | Y
-help | boolean | Report command line options and exit. More information on associated and general qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose | Boolean value Yes/No | N
-warning | boolean | Report warnings | Boolean value Yes/No | Y
-error | boolean | Report errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y
-fatal | boolean | Report fatal errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y
-die | boolean | Report dying program messages | Boolean value Yes/No | Y
-version | boolean | Report version number and exit | Boolean value Yes/No | N

## Input file format

It reads the USA of one or more nucleic acid or protein sequences.

### Input files for usage example

'tembl:x65923' is a sequence entry in the example nucleic acid database 'tembl'

### Database entry: tembl:x65923

    ID   X65923; SV 1; linear; mRNA; STD; HUM; 518 BP.
    XX
    AC   X65923;
    XX
    DT   13-MAY-1992 (Rel. 31, Created)
    DT   18-APR-2005 (Rel. 83, Last updated, Version 11)
    XX
    DE   H.sapiens fau mRNA
    XX
    KW   fau gene.
    XX
    OS   Homo sapiens (human)
    OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
    OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
    OC   Homo.
    XX
    RN   [1]
    RP   1-518
    RA   Michiels L.M.R.;
    RT   ;
    RL   Submitted (29-APR-1992) to the INSDC.
    RL   L.M.R. Michiels, University of Antwerp, Dept of Biochemistry,
    RL   Universiteisplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, BELGIUM
    XX
    RN   [2]
    RP   1-518
    RX   PUBMED; 8395683.
    RA   Michiels L., Van der Rauwelaert E., Van Hasselt F., Kas K., Merregaert J.;
    RT   "fau cDNA encodes a ubiquitin-like-S30 fusion protein and is expressed as
    RT   an antisense sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus";
    RL   Oncogene 8(9):2537-2546(1993).
    XX
    DR   Ensembl-Gn; ENSG00000149806; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000279259; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000434372; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000525297; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000526555; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000527548; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000529259; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000529639; Homo_sapiens.
    DR   Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000531743; Homo_sapiens.
    XX
    FH   Key             Location/Qualifiers
    FH
    FT   source          1..518
    FT                   /organism="Homo sapiens"
    FT                   /chromosome="11q"
    FT                   /map="13"
    FT                   /mol_type="mRNA"
    FT                   /clone_lib="cDNA"
    FT                   /clone="pUIA 631"
    FT                   /tissue_type="placenta"
    FT                   /db_xref="taxon:9606"
    FT   misc_feature    57..278
    FT                   /note="ubiquitin like part"
    FT   CDS             57..458
    FT                   /gene="fau"
    FT                   /db_xref="GDB:135476"
    FT                   /db_xref="GOA:P35544"
    FT                   /db_xref="GOA:P62861"
    FT                   /db_xref="H-InvDB:HIT000322806.14"
    FT                   /db_xref="HGNC:3597"
    FT                   /db_xref="InterPro:IPR000626"
    FT                   /db_xref="InterPro:IPR006846"
    FT                   /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019954"
    FT                   /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019955"
    FT                   /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019956"
    FT                   /db_xref="PDB:2L7R"
    FT                   /db_xref="UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P35544"
    FT                   /db_xref="UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62861"
    FT                   /protein_id="CAA46716.1"
    FT                   /translation="MQLFVRAQELHTFEVTGQETVAQIKAHVASLEGIAPEDQVVLLAG
    FT                   APLEDEATLGQCGVEALTTLEVAGRMLGGKVHGSLARAGKVRGQTPKVAKQEKKKKKTG
    FT                   RAKRRMQYNRRFVNVVPTFGKKKGPNANS"
    FT   misc_feature    98..102
    FT                   /note="nucleolar localization signal"
    FT   misc_feature    279..458
    FT                   /note="S30 part"
    FT   polyA_signal    484..489
    FT   polyA_site      509
    XX
    SQ   Sequence 518 BP; 125 A; 139 C; 148 G; 106 T; 0 other;
         ttcctctttc tcgactccat cttcgcggta gctgggaccg ccgttcagtc gccaatatgc        60
         agctctttgt ccgcgcccag gagctacaca ccttcgaggt gaccggccag gaaacggtcg       120
         cccagatcaa ggctcatgta gcctcactgg agggcattgc cccggaagat caagtcgtgc       180
         tcctggcagg cgcgcccctg gaggatgagg ccactctggg ccagtgcggg gtggaggccc       240
         tgactaccct ggaagtagca ggccgcatgc ttggaggtaa agttcatggt tccctggccc       300
         gtgctggaaa agtgagaggt cagactccta aggtggccaa acaggagaag aagaagaaga       360
         agacaggtcg ggctaagcgg cggatgcagt acaaccggcg ctttgtcaac gttgtgccca       420
         cctttggcaa gaagaagggc cccaatgcca actcttaagt cttttgtaat tctggctttc       480
         tctaataaaa aagccactta gttcagtcaa aaaaaaaa                               518
    //

### Input files for usage example 2

'tsw:amir_pseae' is a sequence entry in the example protein database 'tsw'

### Database entry: tsw:amir_pseae

    ID   AMIR_PSEAE              Reviewed;         196 AA.
    AC   P10932;
    DT   01-JUL-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
    DT   08-DEC-2000, sequence version 2.
    DT   16-MAY-2012, entry version 93.
    DE   RecName: Full=Aliphatic amidase regulator;
    GN   Name=amiR; OrderedLocusNames=PA3363;
    OS   Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG
    OS   12228).
    OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pseudomonadales;
    OC   Pseudomonadaceae; Pseudomonas.
    OX   NCBI_TaxID=208964;
    RN   [1]
    RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
    RC   STRAIN=PAC433;
    RX   MEDLINE=89211409; PubMed=2495988; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(89)80249-2;
    RA   Lowe N., Rice P.M., Drew R.E.;
    RT   "Nucleotide sequence of the aliphatic amidase regulator gene (amiR) of
    RT   Pseudomonas aeruginosa.";
    RL   FEBS Lett. 246:39-43(1989).
    RN   [2]
    RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
    RC   STRAIN=ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG 12228;
    RX   MEDLINE=20437337; PubMed=10984043; DOI=10.1038/35023079;
    RA   Stover C.K., Pham X.-Q.T., Erwin A.L., Mizoguchi S.D., Warrener P.,
    RA   Hickey M.J., Brinkman F.S.L., Hufnagle W.O., Kowalik D.J., Lagrou M.,
    RA   Garber R.L., Goltry L., Tolentino E., Westbrock-Wadman S., Yuan Y.,
    RA   Brody L.L., Coulter S.N., Folger K.R., Kas A., Larbig K., Lim R.M.,
    RA   Smith K.A., Spencer D.H., Wong G.K.-S., Wu Z., Paulsen I.T.,
    RA   Reizer J., Saier M.H. Jr., Hancock R.E.W., Lory S., Olson M.V.;
    RT   "Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an
    RT   opportunistic pathogen.";
    RL   Nature 406:959-964(2000).
    RN   [3]
    RP   CHARACTERIZATION.
    RX   MEDLINE=95286483; PubMed=7539417;
    RA   Wilson S.A., Drew R.E.;
    RT   "Transcriptional analysis of the amidase operon from Pseudomonas
    RT   aeruginosa.";
    RL   J. Bacteriol. 177:3052-3057(1995).
    RN   [4]
    RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.25 ANGSTROMS) OF COMPLEX WITH AMIC.
    RC   STRAIN=PAC1;
    RX   MEDLINE=99437995; PubMed=10508151; DOI=10.1093/emboj/18.19.5175;
    RA   O'Hara B.P., Norman R.A., Wan P.T., Roe S.M., Barrett T.E., Drew R.E.,
    RA   Pearl L.H.;
    RT   "Crystal structure and induction mechanism of AmiC-AmiR: a ligand-
    RT   regulated transcription antitermination complex.";
    RL   EMBO J. 18:5175-5186(1999).
    CC   -!- FUNCTION: Positive controlling element of AmiE, the gene for

      [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]

    DR   eggNOG; COG3707; -.
    DR   HOGENOM; HOG000247749; -.
    DR   OMA; QRIGCQV; -.
    DR   ProtClustDB; CLSK867929; -.
    DR   BioCyc; PAER208964:PA3363-MONOMER; -.
    DR   EvolutionaryTrace; P10932; -.
    DR   GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IEA:InterPro.
    DR   GO; GO:0031564; P:transcription antitermination; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
    DR   GO; GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-dependent; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
    DR   Gene3D; G3DSA:1.10.10.10; Wing_hlx_DNA_bd; 1.
    DR   InterPro; IPR005561; ANTAR.
    DR   InterPro; IPR011006; CheY-like_superfamily.
    DR   InterPro; IPR008327; Sig_transdc_resp-reg_antiterm.
    DR   InterPro; IPR011991; WHTH_trsnscrt_rep_DNA-bd.
    DR   Pfam; PF03861; ANTAR; 1.
    DR   PIRSF; PIRSF036382; RR_antiterm; 1.
    DR   SMART; SM01012; ANTAR; 1.
    DR   SUPFAM; SSF52172; CheY_like; 1.
    DR   PROSITE; PS50921; ANTAR; 1.
    PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
    KW   3D-structure; Complete proteome; Reference proteome; Transcription;
    KW   Transcription antitermination; Transcription regulation.
    FT   CHAIN         1    196       Aliphatic amidase regulator.
    FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000064582.
    FT   DOMAIN      129    190       ANTAR.
    FT   CONFLICT     48     48       S -> A (in Ref. 1; CAA32023).
    FT   CONFLICT     64     64       R -> G (in Ref. 1; CAA32023).
    FT   CONFLICT    141    141       E -> D (in Ref. 1; CAA32023).
    FT   CONFLICT    154    154       A -> V (in Ref. 1; CAA32023).
    FT   CONFLICT    170    170       Y -> H (in Ref. 1; CAA32023).
    FT   HELIX         3      8
    FT   HELIX         9     12
    FT   STRAND       14     19
    FT   HELIX        23     35
    FT   STRAND       38     42
    FT   STRAND       54     59
    FT   HELIX        65     75
    FT   STRAND       81     86
    FT   HELIX        91    100
    FT   STRAND      103    109
    FT   HELIX       112    114
    FT   HELIX       115    160
    FT   HELIX       164    175
    FT   TURN        176    179
    FT   HELIX       182    189
    SQ   SEQUENCE   196 AA;  21903 MW;  306A4F30E8E4C6C0 CRC64;
         MSANSLLGSL RELQVLVLNP PGEVSDALVL QLIRIGCSVR QCWPPPESFD VPVDVVFTSI
         FQNRHHDEIA ALLAAGTPRT TLVALVEYES PAVLSQIIEL ECHGVITQPL DAHRVLPVLV
         SARRISEEMA KLKQKTEQLQ ERIAGQARIN QAKALLMQRH GWDEREAHQY LSREAMKRRE
         PILKIAQELL GNEPSA
    //

## Output file format

The edited sequence is output.

The sequence will be in uppercase.

### Output files for usage example

### File: x65923.rna

    >X65923 X65923.1 H.sapiens fau mRNA
    UUCCUCUUUCUCGACUCCAUCUUCGCGGUAGCUGGGACCGCCGUUCAGUCGCCAAUAUGC
    AGCUCUUUGUCCGCGCCCAGGAGCUACACACCUUCGAGGUGACCGGCCAGGAAACGGUCG
    CCCAGAUCAAGGCUCAUGUAGCCUCACUGGAGGGCAUUGCCCCGGAAGAUCAAGUCGUGC
    UCCUGGCAGGCGCGCCCCUGGAGGAUGAGGCCACUCUGGGCCAGUGCGGGGUGGAGGCCC
    UGACUACCCUGGAAGUAGCAGGCCGCAUGCUUGGAGGUAAAGUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCCC
    GUGCUGGAAAAGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUAAGGUGGCCAAACAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGA
    AGACAGGUCGGGCUAAGCGGCGGAUGCAGUACAACCGGCGCUUUGUCAACGUUGUGCCCA
    CCUUUGGCAAGAAGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCAACUCUUAAGUCUUUUGUAAUUCUGGCUUUC
    UCUAAUAAAAAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAAAAAAAAAA

### Output files for usage example 2

### File: amir_pseae.pep

    >AMIR_PSEAE P10932 Aliphatic amidase regulator
    MSANSLLGSLRELQVLVLNPPGEVSDALVLQLIRIGCSVRQCWXXPPPXXESFDVPVDVV
    FTSIFQNRHHDEIAALLAAGTPRTTLVALVEYESPAVLSQIIELECHGVITQPLDAHRVL
    PVLVSARRISEEMAKLKQKTEQLQERIAGQARINQAKALLMQRHGWDEREAHQYLSREAM
    KRREPILKIAQELLGNEPSA

## Data files

None.

## Notes

biosed was inspired by the useful UNIX utility sed which searches for a pattern in text and can replace or delete the found pattern.

## References

None.

## Warnings

No check for correct type (protein, nucleic, gapped etc) is made on the replacement sequence so you must ensure it is of the type required. Any text can be used, including characters only used in proteins (e.g. `D`, `E`, `F`, etc.), characters rarely used in proteins (e.g. `U`, `J`, `O`, etc), digits and punctuation characters.

## Diagnostic Error Messages

None.

## Exit status

It always exits with status 0.

## Known bugs

None.

## See also

Program name | Description
--- | ---
aligncopy | Read and write alignments
aligncopypair | Read and write pairs from alignments
codcopy | Copy and reformat a codon usage table
cutseq | Remove a section from a sequence
degapseq | Remove non-alphabetic (e.g. gap) characters from sequences
descseq | Alter the name or description of a sequence
entret | Retrieve sequence entries from flatfile databases and files
extractalign | Extract regions from a sequence alignment
extractfeat | Extract features from sequence(s)
extractseq | Extract regions from a sequence
featcopy | Read and write a feature table
featmerge | Merge two overlapping feature tables
featreport | Read and write a feature table
feattext | Return a feature table original text
listor | Write a list file of the logical OR of two sets of sequences
makenucseq | Create random nucleotide sequences
makeprotseq | Create random protein sequences
maskambignuc | Mask all ambiguity characters in nucleotide sequences with N
maskambigprot | Mask all ambiguity characters in protein sequences with X
maskfeat | Write a sequence with masked features
maskseq | Write a sequence with masked regions
newseq | Create a sequence file from a typed-in sequence
nohtml | Remove mark-up (e.g. HTML tags) from an ASCII text file
noreturn | Remove carriage return from ASCII files
nospace | Remove whitespace from an ASCII text file
notab | Replace tabs with spaces in an ASCII text file
notseq | Write to file a subset of an input stream of sequences
nthseq | Write to file a single sequence from an input stream of sequences
nthseqset | Read and write (return) one set of sequences from many
pasteseq | Insert one sequence into another
revseq | Reverse and complement a nucleotide sequence
seqcount | Read and count sequences
seqret | Read and write (return) sequences
seqretsetall | Read and write (return) many sets of sequences
seqretsplit | Read sequences and write them to individual files
sizeseq | Sort sequences by size
skipredundant | Remove redundant sequences from an input set
skipseq | Read and write (return) sequences, skipping first few
splitsource | Split sequence(s) into original source sequences
splitter | Split sequence(s) into smaller sequences
trimest | Remove poly-A tails from nucleotide sequences
trimseq | Remove unwanted characters from start and end of sequence(s)
trimspace | Remove extra whitespace from an ASCII text file
union | Concatenate multiple sequences into a single sequence
vectorstrip | Remove vectors from the ends of nucleotide sequence(s)
yank | Add a sequence reference (a full USA) to a list file

## Author(s)

Alan Bleasby
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK

Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team (emboss-bug © emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.

## History

Written (Jan 2002) - Alan Bleasby

## Target users

This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from naive users to embedded scripts.

## Comments

None