NMRG                                                L. M. Contreras, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                          G. Sanchez Illan
Intended status: Informational                                Telefonica
Expires: 18 September 2025                                 17 March 2025


                       Intent for Green Services
                  draft-contreras-nmrg-green-intent-01

Abstract

   There is an increasing interest on incorporating sustainable
   dimension to the provision of commnunication services.  This document
   describes an intent for allowing customers to express their desired
   intents in terms of the green service objectives they expect from the
   network provider.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 18 September 2025.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Intents Targeting Green Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.1.  Intent Structure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Relationship among intent attributes  . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Green Intent Lifecycle  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Implementation Status and Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  Lessons learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7

1.  Introduction

   Sustainability goals are moving the industry to the objective of
   providing services in a more efficient way from the perspective of
   energy consumption, which can be referred to as “green services”. The
   actual provision of such green services has dependencies on the
   challenges identified for the management for green networking
   [I-D.irtf-nmrg-green-ps].

   In this respect, it is of interest allowing customers to express
   their desired intents in terms of the green service objectives they
   expect from the network provider.  Such objectives can be related not
   only to the energy consumption itself, but also to the source of the
   energy being consumed for providing the service.  The former relates
   to the CO2 footprint associated to the service.

   The provider could, or could not, honor the customer request
   expressed by the intent.  It will be then necessary to enable a
   framework for negotiation, validation and enforcement of the
   objectives subject to the intent.

   This document primarily focuses on the structure and attributes of an
   intent targeting green services.  The discussion on how to assess the
   value of the intent attributes is out of scope of this document.

2.  Intents Targeting Green Services

   For customers it can be of interest to provide descriptive
   information about the expected energy and the CO2 intensity of the
   service.  This information can be processed by the network provider
   for determining the way in which the service can be realized, as any
   other service constrained.  For instance, according to some defined
   policies, a service could be provided using resources of a certain



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   geographical area.

   It should be noted that the concept of service can include not only
   connectivity but also Service Functions hosted in different points of
   presence.  All of them can be subject to different levels of energy
   consumption and different sources of energy generation.

2.1.  Intent Structure

   The following parameters are considered as possible attributes of the
   intent:

   *  _Energy consumption_. This attribute refers to the overall
      consumed energy, specifying a threshold value of consumption
      (e.g., less than such threshold).

   *  _Energy efficiency_. This attribute relates to the ratio of energy
      per a given unit related to the service (typically such unit
      refers to unit of traffic, e.g., bits per Joule), specifying a
      threshold value of efficiency (e.g., greater than such threshold).

   *  _Carbon emissions_. This attribute refers to the overall carbon
      intensity of the service (i.e., grams of CO2 per kWh), specifying
      a threshold value of emissions (e.g., less than such threshold).

   *  _Use of renewable energy_ (expressed as a rate).  This attribute
      relates to ratio of renewable energy used for the service (e.g.,
      greater than such threshold), as well as, potentially, the source
      of renewable energy.

   These attributes do not necessarily be present at the same time in
   the green intent.  Moreover, the final values of the intent
   attributes could be aligned with metrics defined in
   [I-D.cx-opsawg-green-metrics].  Finally, the customer can assess the
   commitment of the desired intents by the provider by means of APIs as
   the one defined in [I-D.petra-path-energy-api].

2.2.  Relationship among intent attributes

   The attributes mentioned above are interconnected at various levels.
   Exploring these relationships helps identify the implications of how
   one attribute influences others.

   The use of renewable energy (URE) is directly linked to carbon
   emissions (CE), as a higher URE generally results in lower CE.
   However, the percentage of renewable energy is independent of both
   energy consumption (EC) and energy efficiency (EE), showing no direct
   correlation with these two factors.



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   Conversely, there is a clear relationship between EE and EC.  A less
   energy-efficient network will require more energy.  Consequently, for
   a fixed URE value, higher energy consumption leads to increased
   carbon emissions.  Beyond this evident connection, analyzing the
   interplay between EE, EC, and CE enables a deeper understanding of a
   system's dynamics concerning these indicators.  This is proposed as
   for further work.

   For example, given a specific energy consumption (EC) value, the
   energy efficiency of a network can be improved by increasing its
   traffic load, thereby enhancing its performance.  This aligns with
   current device and network element implementations, where energy
   consumption is primarily driven by idle power rather than traffic
   volume.  As a result, traffic variations have minimal impact on
   energy usage.

   Achieving a proportional relationship between energy consumption and
   traffic requires turning off (or entering into sleep mode) modular
   components, such as entire line cards.  Additionally, for a fixed
   traffic volume, energy consumption can be reduced by adopting more
   energy-efficient equipment that consume less energy per unit of
   traffic.  Consequently, lowering energy consumption also leads to a
   reduction in carbon emissions.

3.  Green Intent Lifecycle

   [RFC9315] defines an intent lifecycle composed of two phases, namely
   fulfillment and assurance.

   Figure 2 captures the intent procedure for the fulfillment phase.





















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          User Space   :       Translation / IBS       :  Network Ops
                       :            Space              :     Space
                       :                               :
         +----------+  :  +----------+   +-----------+ : +-----------+
 Fulfill |recognize/|---> |translate/|-->|  learn/   |-->| configure/|
         |generate  |     |          |   |  plan/    |   | provision |
         |intent    |<--- |  refine  |   |  render   | : |           |
         +----------+  :  +----------+   +-----------+ : +-----------+
                       :                               :
 .........................................................................

        Customer       :                    Provider
        --------       :                    --------
                       :
  - Generate a green   : - Translation of attributes as: - Configuration
    intent using one   :   constraints to check against:   of the network
    or more of the     :   pre-defined policies        :   according to
    attributes defined :                               :   policies
    in this document   :                               :

           Figure 1: Fulfillment phase of the Green Intent

   Similarly, Figure 3 sketches the intent procedure for the assurance
   phase.

                         :                  +--------+   :
                         :                  |validate|   :  +----------+
                         :                  +----^---+ <----| monitor/ |
   Assure   +-------+    :  +---------+    +-----+---+   :  | observe/ |
            |report | <---- |abstract |<---| analyze | <----|          |
            +-------+    :  +---------+    |aggregate|   :  +----------+
                         :                 +---------+   :
   .....................................................................

          Customer       :                   Provider
          --------       :                   --------
                         :
    - Analysis of the    : - Checking of monitored data  : - Collection of
      reported metrics   :   for internal closed loops   :   green metrics
      against the intent :   to ensure commited SLOs     :   [I-D.cx-opsawg
      request            :   (inner closed loop)         :   -green-metrics]
    - Trigger of actions : - Exposure of green data by   :   suitable for
      if needed (outer   :   APIs, e.g.                  :   the intent
      closed loop)       :   [I-D.petra-path-energy-api] :   attributes

            Figure 2: Assurance phase of the Green Intent





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4.  Implementation Status and Lessons Learned

   This section will be used to track the status of the implementations
   of the model.

4.1.  Implementation Status

   Current implementation of the green intent can be accessed at:
   https://github.com/Telefonica/intent_engine/blob/develop/inputs/
   green_v2.yaml

4.2.  Lessons learned

   At this stage of definition of the intent for green services, the
   following lessons can be reported:

   *  There is yet an ongoing work on definition of metrics which
      requires to mature.  Such metrics will conidtion the final format
      of the intents.

   *  A service is composed by multiple assets, each of them with their
      own way of characterizing energy and power related metrics.  A
      typical service could be composed of connectivity services,
      service functions, control and processing capabilities, etc.  Thus
      an abstract way of reporting the overall green attributes for a
      service is needed, since it can not be expected full knowledge of
      the particular aspects of a service by the customer using the
      intent.

   As long as the work progress, additional lessons will be provided.

5.  Security considerations

   To be done.

6.  Informative References

   [I-D.cx-opsawg-green-metrics]
              Clemm, A., Dong, L., Mirsky, G., Ciavaglia, L., Tantsura,
              J., Odini, M., Schooler, E., Rezaki, A., and C. Pignataro,
              "Green Networking Metrics", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-cx-opsawg-green-metrics-02, 4 March 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cx-opsawg-
              green-metrics-02>.

   [I-D.irtf-nmrg-green-ps]
              Clemm, A., Pignataro, C., Westphal, C., Ciavaglia, L.,
              Tantsura, J., and M. Odini, "Challenges and Opportunities



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              in Management for Green Networking", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-irtf-nmrg-green-ps-06, 15 March
              2025, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-
              nmrg-green-ps-06>.

   [I-D.petra-path-energy-api]
              Rodriguez-Natal, A., Contreras, L. M., Muniz, A., Palmero,
              M., Munoz, F., and J. Lindblad, "Path Energy Traffic Ratio
              API (PETRA)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              petra-path-energy-api-02, 8 July 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-petra-path-
              energy-api-02>.

   [RFC9315]  Clemm, A., Ciavaglia, L., Granville, L. Z., and J.
              Tantsura, "Intent-Based Networking - Concepts and
              Definitions", RFC 9315, DOI 10.17487/RFC9315, October
              2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9315>.

Acknowledgements

   This work has been partially funded by the HORIZON-JU-SNS Research
   and Innovation Action projects 6Green (Grant Agreement no. 101096925)
   and Exigence (Grant Agreement no. 101139120).

Authors' Addresses

   Luis M. Contreras (editor)
   Telefonica
   Ronda de la Comunicacion, s/n
   28050 Madrid
   Spain
   Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com
   URI:   http://lmcontreras.com


   Guillermo Sanchez Illan
   Telefonica
   Ronda de la Comunicacion, s/n
   28050 Madrid
   Spain
   Email: guillermo.sanchezillan@telefonica.com










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