#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# File:         RIFF.pm
#
# Description:  Read RIFF/WAV/AVI meta information
#
# Revisions:    09/14/2005 - P. Harvey Created
#
# References:   1) http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF
#               2) http://www.vlsi.fi/datasheets/vs1011.pdf
#               3) http://www.music-center.com.br/spec_rif.htm
#               4) http://www.codeproject.com/audio/wavefiles.asp
#               5) http://msdn.microsoft.com/archive/en-us/directx9_c/directx/htm/avirifffilereference.asp
#               6) http://research.microsoft.com/invisible/tests/riff.h.htm
#               7) http://www.onicos.com/staff/iz/formats/wav.html
#               8) http://graphics.cs.uni-sb.de/NMM/dist-0.9.1/Docs/Doxygen/html/mmreg_8h-source.html
#               9) http://developers.videolan.org/vlc/vlc/doc/doxygen/html/codecs_8h-source.html
#              10) http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=TwoCC
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

package Image::ExifTool::RIFF;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION);
use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);

$VERSION = '1.13';

# type of current stream
$Image::ExifTool::RIFF::streamType = '';

%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::audioEncoding = ( #2
    Notes => 'These "TwoCC" audio encoding codes are used in RIFF and ASF files.',
    0x01 => 'Microsoft PCM',
    0x02 => 'Microsoft ADPCM',
    0x03 => 'Microsoft IEEE float',
    0x04 => 'Compaq VSELP', #4
    0x05 => 'IBM CVSD', #4
    0x06 => 'Microsoft a-Law',
    0x07 => 'Microsoft u-Law',
    0x08 => 'Microsoft DTS', #4
    0x09 => 'DRM', #4
    0x0a => 'WMA 9 Speech', #9
    0x0b => 'Microsoft Windows Media RT Voice', #10
    0x10 => 'OKI-ADPCM',
    0x11 => 'Intel IMA/DVI-ADPCM',
    0x12 => 'Videologic Mediaspace ADPCM', #4
    0x13 => 'Sierra ADPCM', #4
    0x14 => 'Antex G.723 ADPCM', #4
    0x15 => 'DSP Solutions DIGISTD',
    0x16 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIFIX',
    0x17 => 'Dialoic OKI ADPCM', #6
    0x18 => 'Media Vision ADPCM', #6
    0x19 => 'HP CU', #7
    0x1a => 'HP Dynamic Voice', #10
    0x20 => 'Yamaha ADPCM', #6
    0x21 => 'SONARC Speech Compression', #6
    0x22 => 'DSP Group True Speech', #6
    0x23 => 'Echo Speech Corp.', #6
    0x24 => 'Virtual Music Audiofile AF36', #6
    0x25 => 'Audio Processing Tech.', #6
    0x26 => 'Virtual Music Audiofile AF10', #6
    0x27 => 'Aculab Prosody 1612', #7
    0x28 => 'Merging Tech. LRC', #7
    0x30 => 'Dolby AC2',
    0x31 => 'Microsoft GSM610',
    0x32 => 'MSN Audio', #6
    0x33 => 'Antex ADPCME', #6
    0x34 => 'Control Resources VQLPC', #6
    0x35 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIREAL', #6
    0x36 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIADPCM', #6
    0x37 => 'Control Resources CR10', #6
    0x38 => 'Natural MicroSystems VBX ADPCM', #6
    0x39 => 'Crystal Semiconductor IMA ADPCM', #6
    0x3a => 'Echo Speech ECHOSC3', #6
    0x3b => 'Rockwell ADPCM',
    0x3c => 'Rockwell DIGITALK',
    0x3d => 'Xebec Multimedia', #6
    0x40 => 'Antex G.721 ADPCM',
    0x41 => 'Antex G.728 CELP',
    0x42 => 'Microsoft MSG723', #7
    0x43 => 'IBM AVC ADPCM', #10
    0x45 => 'ITU-T G.726', #9
    0x50 => 'Microsoft MPEG',
    0x51 => 'RT23 or PAC', #7
    0x52 => 'InSoft RT24', #4
    0x53 => 'InSoft PAC', #4
    0x55 => 'MP3',
    0x59 => 'Cirrus', #7
    0x60 => 'Cirrus Logic', #6
    0x61 => 'ESS Tech. PCM', #6
    0x62 => 'Voxware Inc.', #6
    0x63 => 'Canopus ATRAC', #6
    0x64 => 'APICOM G.726 ADPCM',
    0x65 => 'APICOM G.722 ADPCM',
    0x66 => 'Microsoft DSAT', #6
    0x67 => 'Micorsoft DSAT DISPLAY', #6
    0x69 => 'Voxware Byte Aligned', #7
    0x70 => 'Voxware AC8', #7
    0x71 => 'Voxware AC10', #7
    0x72 => 'Voxware AC16', #7
    0x73 => 'Voxware AC20', #7
    0x74 => 'Voxware MetaVoice', #7
    0x75 => 'Voxware MetaSound', #7
    0x76 => 'Voxware RT29HW', #7
    0x77 => 'Voxware VR12', #7
    0x78 => 'Voxware VR18', #7
    0x79 => 'Voxware TQ40', #7
    0x7a => 'Voxware SC3', #10
    0x7b => 'Voxware SC3', #10
    0x80 => 'Soundsoft', #6
    0x81 => 'Voxware TQ60', #7
    0x82 => 'Microsoft MSRT24', #7
    0x83 => 'AT&T G.729A', #7
    0x84 => 'Motion Pixels MVI MV12', #7
    0x85 => 'DataFusion G.726', #7
    0x86 => 'DataFusion GSM610', #7
    0x88 => 'Iterated Systems Audio', #7
    0x89 => 'Onlive', #7
    0x8a => 'Multitude, Inc. FT SX20', #10
    0x8b => 'Infocom ITS A/S G.721 ADPCM', #10
    0x8c => 'Convedia G729', #10
    0x8d => 'Not specified congruency, Inc.', #10
    0x91 => 'Siemens SBC24', #7
    0x92 => 'Sonic Foundry Dolby AC3 APDIF', #7
    0x93 => 'MediaSonic G.723', #8
    0x94 => 'Aculab Prosody 8kbps', #8
    0x97 => 'ZyXEL ADPCM', #7,
    0x98 => 'Philips LPCBB', #7
    0x99 => 'Studer Professional Audio Packed', #7
    0xa0 => 'Malden PhonyTalk', #8
    0xa1 => 'Racal Recorder GSM', #10
    0xa2 => 'Racal Recorder G720.a', #10
    0xa3 => 'Racal G723.1', #10
    0xa4 => 'Racal Tetra ACELP', #10
    0xb0 => 'NEC AAC NEC Corporation', #10
    0xff => 'AAC', #10
    0x100 => 'Rhetorex ADPCM', #6
    0x101 => 'IBM u-Law', #3
    0x102 => 'IBM a-Law', #3
    0x103 => 'IBM ADPCM', #3
    0x111 => 'Vivo G.723', #7
    0x112 => 'Vivo Siren', #7
    0x120 => 'Philips Speech Processing CELP', #10
    0x121 => 'Philips Speech Processing GRUNDIG', #10
    0x123 => 'Digital G.723', #7
    0x125 => 'Sanyo LD ADPCM', #8
    0x130 => 'Sipro Lab ACEPLNET', #8
    0x131 => 'Sipro Lab ACELP4800', #8
    0x132 => 'Sipro Lab ACELP8V3', #8
    0x133 => 'Sipro Lab G.729', #8
    0x134 => 'Sipro Lab G.729A', #8
    0x135 => 'Sipro Lab Kelvin', #8
    0x136 => 'VoiceAge AMR', #10
    0x140 => 'Dictaphone G.726 ADPCM', #8
    0x150 => 'Qualcomm PureVoice', #8
    0x151 => 'Qualcomm HalfRate', #8
    0x155 => 'Ring Zero Systems TUBGSM', #8
    0x160 => 'Microsoft Audio1', #8
    0x161 => 'Windows Media Audio V2 V7 V8 V9 / DivX audio (WMA) / Alex AC3 Audio', #10
    0x162 => 'Windows Media Audio Professional V9', #10
    0x163 => 'Windows Media Audio Lossless V9', #10
    0x164 => 'WMA Pro over S/PDIF', #10
    0x170 => 'UNISYS NAP ADPCM', #10
    0x171 => 'UNISYS NAP ULAW', #10
    0x172 => 'UNISYS NAP ALAW', #10
    0x173 => 'UNISYS NAP 16K', #10
    0x174 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC008 SyCom Technologies', #10
    0x175 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 G726L SyCom Technologies', #10
    0x176 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 CELP54 SyCom Technologies', #10
    0x177 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 CELP68 SyCom Technologies', #10
    0x178 => 'Knowledge Adventure ADPCM', #10
    0x180 => 'Fraunhofer IIS MPEG2AAC', #10
    0x190 => 'Digital Theater Systems DTS DS', #10
    0x200 => 'Creative Labs ADPCM', #6
    0x202 => 'Creative Labs FASTSPEECH8', #6
    0x203 => 'Creative Labs FASTSPEECH10', #6
    0x210 => 'UHER ADPCM', #8
    0x215 => 'Ulead DV ACM', #10
    0x216 => 'Ulead DV ACM', #10
    0x220 => 'Quarterdeck Corp.', #6
    0x230 => 'I-Link VC', #8
    0x240 => 'Aureal Semiconductor Raw Sport', #8
    0x241 => 'ESST AC3', #10
    0x250 => 'Interactive Products HSX', #8
    0x251 => 'Interactive Products RPELP', #8
    0x260 => 'Consistent CS2', #8
    0x270 => 'Sony SCX', #8
    0x271 => 'Sony SCY', #10
    0x272 => 'Sony ATRAC3', #10
    0x273 => 'Sony SPC', #10
    0x280 => 'TELUM Telum Inc.', #10
    0x281 => 'TELUMIA Telum Inc.', #10
    0x285 => 'Norcom Voice Systems ADPCM', #10
    0x300 => 'Fujitsu FM TOWNS SND', #6
    0x301 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x302 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x303 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x304 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x305 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x306 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x307 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x308 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
    0x350 => 'Micronas Semiconductors, Inc. Development', #10
    0x351 => 'Micronas Semiconductors, Inc. CELP833', #10
    0x400 => 'Brooktree Digital', #6
    0x401 => 'Intel Music Coder (IMC)', #10
    0x402 => 'Ligos Indeo Audio', #10
    0x450 => 'QDesign Music', #8
    0x500 => 'On2 VP7 On2 Technologies', #10
    0x501 => 'On2 VP6 On2 Technologies', #10
    0x680 => 'AT&T VME VMPCM', #7
    0x681 => 'AT&T TCP', #8
    0x700 => 'YMPEG Alpha (dummy for MPEG-2 compressor)', #10
    0x8ae => 'ClearJump LiteWave (lossless)', #10
    0x1000 => 'Olivetti GSM', #6
    0x1001 => 'Olivetti ADPCM', #6
    0x1002 => 'Olivetti CELP', #6
    0x1003 => 'Olivetti SBC', #6
    0x1004 => 'Olivetti OPR', #6
    0x1100 => 'Lernout & Hauspie', #6
    0x1101 => 'Lernout & Hauspie CELP codec', #10
    0x1102 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
    0x1103 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
    0x1104 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
    0x1400 => 'Norris Comm. Inc.', #6
    0x1401 => 'ISIAudio', #7
    0x1500 => 'AT&T Soundspace Music Compression', #7
    0x181c => 'VoxWare RT24 speech codec', #10
    0x181e => 'Lucent elemedia AX24000P Music codec', #10
    0x1971 => 'Sonic Foundry LOSSLESS', #10
    0x1979 => 'Innings Telecom Inc. ADPCM', #10
    0x1c07 => 'Lucent SX8300P speech codec', #10
    0x1c0c => 'Lucent SX5363S G.723 compliant codec', #10
    0x1f03 => 'CUseeMe DigiTalk (ex-Rocwell)', #10
    0x1fc4 => 'NCT Soft ALF2CD ACM', #10
    0x2000 => 'FAST Multimedia DVM', #7
    0x2001 => 'Dolby DTS (Digital Theater System)', #10
    0x2002 => 'RealAudio 1 / 2 14.4', #10
    0x2003 => 'RealAudio 1 / 2 28.8', #10
    0x2004 => 'RealAudio G2 / 8 Cook (low bitrate)', #10
    0x2005 => 'RealAudio 3 / 4 / 5 Music (DNET)', #10
    0x2006 => 'RealAudio 10 AAC (RAAC)', #10
    0x2007 => 'RealAudio 10 AAC+ (RACP)', #10
    0x2500 => 'Reserved range to 0x2600 Microsoft', #10
    0x3313 => 'makeAVIS (ffvfw fake AVI sound from AviSynth scripts)', #10
    0x4143 => 'Divio MPEG-4 AAC audio', #10
    0x4201 => 'Nokia adaptive multirate', #10
    0x4243 => 'Divio G726 Divio, Inc.', #10
    0x434c => 'LEAD Speech', #10
    0x564c => 'LEAD Vorbis', #10
    0x5756 => 'WavPack Audio', #10
    0x674f => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 1)', #10
    0x6750 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 2)', #10
    0x6751 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 3)', #10
    0x676f => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 1+)', #10
    0x6770 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 2+)', #10
    0x6771 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 3+)', #10
    0x7000 => '3COM NBX 3Com Corporation', #10
    0x706d => 'FAAD AAC', #10
    0x7a21 => 'GSM-AMR (CBR, no SID)', #10
    0x7a22 => 'GSM-AMR (VBR, including SID)', #10
    0xa100 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. G723 1', #10
    0xa101 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. AVQSBC', #10
    0xa102 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. OLDSBC', #10
    0xa103 => 'Symbol Technologies G729A', #10
    0xa104 => 'VoiceAge AMR WB VoiceAge Corporation', #10
    0xa105 => 'Ingenient Technologies Inc. G726', #10
    0xa106 => 'ISO/MPEG-4 advanced audio Coding', #10
    0xa107 => 'Encore Software Ltd G726', #10
    0xa109 => 'Speex ACM Codec xiph.org', #10
    0xdfac => 'DebugMode SonicFoundry Vegas FrameServer ACM Codec', #10
    0xe708 => 'Unknown -', #10
    0xf1ac => 'Free Lossless Audio Codec FLAC', #10
    0xfffe => 'Extensible', #7
    0xffff => 'Development', #4
);

# RIFF info
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Main = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    NOTES => q{
        Windows WAV and AVI files are RIFF format files.  According to the EXIF
        specification, Meta information is embedded in two types of RIFF C<LIST>
        chunks: C<INFO> and C<exif>, and information about the audio content is
        stored in the C<fmt > chunk.  As well as this information, some video
        information and proprietary manufacturer-specific information is also
        extracted.
    },
   'fmt ' => {
        Name => 'AudioFormat',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat' },
    },
    LIST_INFO => {
        Name => 'Info',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Info' },
    },
    LIST_exif => {
        Name => 'Exif',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Exif' },
    },
    LIST_hdrl => { # AVI header LIST chunk
        Name => 'Hdrl',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Hdrl' },
    },
    LIST_Tdat => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
        Name => 'Tdat',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Tdat' },
    },
    JUNK => [
        {
            Name => 'OlympusJunk',
            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^OLYMDigital Camera/',
            SubDirectory => {
                TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::AVI',
            },
        },
        {
            Name => 'CasioJunk',
            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^QVMI/',
            # Casio stores standard EXIF-format information in AVI videos (EX-S600)
            SubDirectory => {
                TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
                DirName => 'IFD0',
                Multi => 0, # (IFD1 is not written)
                Start => 10,
                ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
            },
        },
        {
            Name => 'RicohJunk',
            # the Ricoh Caplio GX stores sub-chunks in here
            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^ucmt/',
            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Ricoh::AVI' },
        },
        {
            Name => 'UnknownJunk',
            # try to interpret unknown junk as a string
            RawConv => '$_=$val; s/\0.*//s; /^[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]+$/ ? $_ : undef',
        }
    ],
    _PMX => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
        Name => 'XMP',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main' },
    },
    JUNQ => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
        # old XMP is preserved when metadata is replaced in Bridge
        Name => 'OldXMP',
        Binary => 1,
    },
);

# the maker notes used by some digital cameras
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Junk = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
);

# Format and Audio Stream Format chunk data
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
    FORMAT => 'int16u',
    0 => {
        Name => 'Encoding',
        PrintHex => 1,
        PrintConv => \%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::audioEncoding,
        SeparateTable => 'AudioEncoding',
    },
    1 => 'NumChannels',
    2 => {
        Name => 'SampleRate',
        Format => 'int32u',
    },
    4 => {
        Name => 'AvgBytesPerSec',
        Format => 'int32u',
    },
   # uninteresting
   # 6 => 'BlockAlignment',
    7 => 'BitsPerSample',
);

# Sub chunks of INFO LIST chunk
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Info = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
    IARL => 'ArchivalLocation',
    IART => { Name => 'Artist',    Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    ICMS => 'Commissioned',
    ICMT => 'Comment',
    ICOP => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    ICRD => {
        Name => 'DateCreated',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        ValueConv => '$_=$val; s/-/:/g; s/\0.*//s; $_',
    },
    ICRP => 'Cropped',
    IDIM => 'Dimensions',
    IDPI => 'DotsPerInch',
    IENG => 'Engineer',
    IGNR => 'Genre',
    IKEY => 'Keywords',
    ILGT => 'Lightness',
    IMED => 'Medium',
    INAM => 'Title',
    IPLT => 'NumColors',
    IPRD => 'Product',
    ISBJ => 'Subject',
    ISFT => {
        Name => 'Software',
        ValueConv => '$val=~s/\0.*//s; $val', # truncate at null
    },
    ISHP => 'Sharpness',
    ISRC => 'Source',
    ISRF => 'SourceForm',
    ITCH => 'Technician',
);

# Sub chunks of EXIF LIST chunk
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Exif = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
    ever => 'ExifVersion',
    erel => 'RelatedImageFile',
    etim => { Name => 'TimeCreated', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    ecor => { Name => 'Make',        Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
    emdl => { Name => 'Model',       Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
    emnt => { Name => 'MakerNotes',  Binary => 1 },
    eucm => {
        Name => 'UserComment',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::ConvertExifText($self,$val)',
    },
);

# Sub chunks of hdrl LIST chunk
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Hdrl = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
    avih => {
        Name => 'AVIHeader',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AVIHeader' },
    },
    IDIT => {
        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ConvertRIFFDate($val)',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
    ISMP => 'TimeCode',
    LIST_strl => {
        Name => 'Stream',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Stream' },
    },
);

# Sub chunks of Tdat LIST chunk (ref PH)
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Tdat = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
    # (have seen tc_O, tc_A, rn_O and rn_A)
);

%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AVIHeader = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
    FORMAT => 'int32u',
    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
    0 => {
        Name => 'FrameRate',
        ValueConv => '$val ? 1e6 / $val : undef',
        PrintConv => 'int($val * 1000 + 0.5) / 1000',
    },
    1 => {
        Name => 'MaxDataRate',
        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4g kB/s",$val / 1024)',
    },
  # 2 => 'PaddingGranularity',
  # 3 => 'Flags',
    4 => 'FrameCount',
  # 5 => 'InitialFrames',
    6 => 'StreamCount',
  # 7 => 'SuggestedBufferSize',
    8 => 'ImageWidth',
    9 => 'ImageHeight',
);

%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Stream = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
    strh => {
        Name => 'StreamHeader',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamHeader' },
    },
    strn => 'StreamName',
    strd => { #PH
        Name => 'StreamData',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamData' },
    },
    strf => [
        {
            Name => 'AudioFormat',
            Condition => '$Image::ExifTool::RIFF::streamType eq "auds"',
            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat' },
        },
        {
            Name => 'VideoFormat',
            Condition => '$Image::ExifTool::RIFF::streamType eq "vids"',
            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::BMP::Main' },
        },
    ],
);

%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamHeader = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
    FORMAT => 'int32u',
    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
    0 => {
        Name => 'StreamType',
        Format => 'string[4]',
        RawConv => '$Image::ExifTool::RIFF::streamType = $val',
        PrintConv => {
            auds => 'Audio',
            mids => 'MIDI',
            txts => 'Text',
            vids => 'Video',
        },
    },
    1 => {
        Name => 'Codec',
        Format => 'string[4]',
    },
  # 2 => 'StreamFlags',
  # 3 => 'StreamPriority',
  # 3.5 => 'Language',
  # 4 => 'InitialFrames',
  # 5 => 'Scale',
  # 6 => 'Rate',
  # 7 => 'Start',
  # 8 => 'Length',
  # 9 => 'SuggestedBufferSize',
    10 => 'Quality',
    11 => {
        Name => 'SampleSize',
        PrintConv => '$val ? "$val byte" . ($val==1 ? "" : "s") : "Variable"',
    },
  # 12 => { Name => 'Frame', Format => 'int16u[4]' },
);

%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamData = ( #PH
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessStreamData,
    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
    NOTES => 'This chunk contains EXIF information in FujiFilm AVI videos.',
    AVIF => {
        Name => 'AVIF',
        SubDirectory => {
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
            DirName => 'IFD0',
            Start => 8,
            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
        },
    },
    CASI => { # (used by Casio GV-10)
        Name => 'CasioData',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Casio::AVI' },
    },
    unknown => {
        Name => 'UnknownData',
        # try to interpret unknown stream data as a string
        RawConv => '$_=$val; s/\0.*//s; /^[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]+$/ ? $_ : undef',
    },
);

# RIFF composite tags
%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Composite = (
    Duration => {
        Require => {
            0 => 'FrameRate',
            1 => 'FrameCount',
        },
        ValueConv => '$val[0] ? $val[1] / $val[0] : undef',
        PrintConv => 'ConvertDuration($val)',
    },
);

# add our composite tags
Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::RIFF');


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Convert RIFF date to EXIF format
my %monthNum = (
    Jan=>1, Feb=>2, Mar=>3, Apr=>4, May=>5, Jun=>6,
    Jul=>7, Aug=>8, Sep=>9, Oct=>10,Nov=>11,Dec=>12
);
sub ConvertRIFFDate($)
{
    my $val = shift;
    my @part = split ' ', $val;
    my $mon;
    if (@part >= 5 and $mon = $monthNum{ucfirst(lc($part[1]))}) {
        # the standard AVI date format (ie. "Mon Mar 10 15:04:43 2003")
        $val = sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %s", $part[4],
                       $mon, $part[2], $part[3]);
    } elsif ($val =~ m{(\d{4})/\s*(\d+)/\s*(\d+)/?\s+(\d+):\s*(\d+)\s*(P?)}) {
        # but the Casio QV-3EX writes dates like "2001/ 1/27  1:42PM",
        # and the Casio EX-Z30 writes "2005/11/28/ 09:19"... doh!
        $val = sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:00",$1,$2,$3,$4+($6?12:0),$5);
    }
    return $val;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process stream data
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo reference, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: 1 on success
sub ProcessStreamData($$$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $start = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
    my $size = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
    return 0 if $size < 4;
    if ($exifTool->Options('Verbose')) {
        $exifTool->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName}, 0, $size);
    }
    my $tag = substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
    my $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
    unless ($tagInfo) {
        $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, 'unknown');
        return 1 unless $tagInfo;
    }
    my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
    if ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
        my $offset = $$subdir{Start} || 0;
        my $baseShift = $$dirInfo{DataPos} + $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $offset;
        my %subdirInfo = (
            DataPt  => $dataPt,
            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos} - $baseShift,
            Base    => ($$dirInfo{Base} || 0) + $baseShift,
            DataLen => $$dirInfo{DataLen},
            DirStart=> $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $offset,
            DirLen  => $$dirInfo{DirLen} - $offset,
            DirName => $$subdir{DirName},
            Parent  => $$dirInfo{DirName},
        );
        unless ($offset) {
            # allow processing of 2nd directory at the same address
            my $addr = $subdirInfo{DirStart} + $subdirInfo{DataPos} + $subdirInfo{Base};
            delete $exifTool->{PROCESSED}->{$addr}
        }
        # (we could set FIRST_EXIF_POS to $subdirInfo{Base} here to make
        #  htmlDump offsets relative to EXIF base if we wanted...)
        my $subTable = GetTagTable($$subdir{TagTable});
        $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%subdirInfo, $subTable);
    } else {
        $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
            DataPt  => $dataPt,
            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos},
            Start   => $start,
            Size    => $size,
            TagInfo => $tagInfo,
        );
    }
    return 1;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process RIFF chunks
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) directory information reference
#         2) tag table reference
# Returns: 1 on success
sub ProcessChunks($$$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $start = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
    my $size = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
    my $end = $start + $size;

    if ($exifTool->Options('Verbose')) {
        $exifTool->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName}, 0, $size);
    }
    while ($start + 8 < $end) {
        my $tag = substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
        my $len = Get32u($dataPt, $start + 4);
        $start += 8;
        if ($start + $len > $end) {
            $exifTool->Warn("Bad $tag chunk");
            return 0;
        }
        if ($tag eq 'LIST' and $len >= 4) {
            $tag .= '_' . substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
            $len -= 4;
            $start += 4;
        }
        my $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
        my $baseShift = 0;
        if ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
            # adjust base if necessary (needed for Ricoh maker notes)
            my $newBase = $tagInfo->{SubDirectory}->{Base};
            $baseShift = $newBase - $$dirInfo{Base} if defined $newBase;
        }
        $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
            DataPt  => $dataPt,
            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos} - $baseShift,
            Start   => $start,
            Size    => $len,
            Base    => $$dirInfo{Base} + $baseShift,
        );
        ++$len if $len & 0x01;  # must account for padding if odd number of bytes
        $start += $len;
    }
    return 1;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Extract information from a RIFF file
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference
# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid RIFF file
sub ProcessRIFF($$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
    my ($buff, $err);
    my %types = ( 'WAVE' => 'WAV', 'AVI ' => 'AVI' );
    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');

    # verify this is a valid RIFF file
    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 12) == 12;
    return 0 unless $buff =~ /^RIFF....(.{4})/s;
    $exifTool->SetFileType($types{$1}); # set type to 'WAV', 'AVI' or 'RIFF'
    $Image::ExifTool::RIFF::streamType = '';    # initialize stream type
    SetByteOrder('II');
    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Main');
    my $pos = 12;
#
# Read chunks in RIFF image
#
    for (;;) {
        my $num = $raf->Read($buff, 8);
        if ($num < 8) {
            $err = 1 if $num;
            last;
        }
        $pos += 8;
        my ($tag, $len) = unpack('a4V', $buff);
        # special case: construct new tag name from specific LIST type
        if ($tag eq 'LIST') {
            $raf->Read($buff, 4) == 4 or $err=1, last;
            $pos += 4;
            $tag .= "_$buff";
            $len -= 4;  # already read 4 bytes (the LIST type)
        }
        $exifTool->VPrint(0, "RIFF '$tag' chunk ($len bytes of data):\n");
        # stop when we hit the audio data or AVI index or AVI movie data
        # --> no more because Adobe Bridge stores XMP after this!!
        #if ($tag eq 'data' or $tag eq 'idx1' or $tag eq 'LIST_movi') {
        #    $exifTool->VPrint(0, "(end of parsing)\n");
        #    last;
        #}
        # RIFF chunks are padded to an even number of bytes
        my $len2 = $len + ($len & 0x01);
        if ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
            $raf->Read($buff, $len2) == $len2 or $err=1, last;
            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $buff,
                DataPt  => \$buff,
                DataPos => 0,   # (relative to Base)
                Start   => 0,
                Size    => $len2,
                Base    => $pos,
            );
        } else {
            $raf->Seek($len2, 1) or $err=1, last;
        }
        $pos += $len2;
    }
    $err and $exifTool->Warn('Error reading RIFF file (corrupted?)');
    return 1;
}

1;  # end

__END__

=head1 NAME

Image::ExifTool::RIFF - Read RIFF/WAV/AVI meta information

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This module is used by Image::ExifTool

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to extract
information from RIFF-based (Resource Interchange File Format) files,
including Windows WAV audio and AVI video files.

=head1 AUTHOR

Copyright 2003-2008, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head1 REFERENCES

=over 4

=item L<http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF>

=item L<http://www.vlsi.fi/datasheets/vs1011.pdf>

=item L<http://www.music-center.com.br/spec_rif.htm>

=item L<http://www.codeproject.com/audio/wavefiles.asp>

=item L<http://msdn.microsoft.com/archive/en-us/directx9_c/directx/htm/avirifffilereference.asp>

=item L<http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=TwoCC>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/RIFF Tags>,
L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>

=cut

