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<rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" ipr="trust200902" docName="draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling-04" category="std" consensus="true" submissionType="IETF" tocInclude="true" sortRefs="true" symRefs="true" version="3">
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  <front>
    <title abbrev="SIG">Discovering MNA Capabilities Using LSP Ping</title>
    <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling-04"/>
    <author fullname="Fabian Ihle">
      <organization>University of Tuebingen</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <city>Tuebingen</city>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>
        <email>fabian.ihle@uni-tuebingen.de</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Xueyan Song">
      <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <country>China</country>
        </postal>
        <email>song.xueyan2@zte.com.cn</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Michael Menth">
      <organization>University of Tuebingen</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <city>Tuebingen</city>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>
        <email>michael.menth@uni-tuebingen.de</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <date year="2026" month="July" day="19"/>
    <area>Routing</area>
    <workgroup>Multiprotocol Label Switching</workgroup>
    <keyword>signaling</keyword>
    <keyword>mpls</keyword>
    <keyword>mna</keyword>
    <abstract>
      <?line 69?>

<t>This document defines a mechanism for discovering MPLS Network Actions (MNA) capabilities along a Label Switched Path (LSP) using the LSP Ping echo request/reply mechanism defined in RFC 8029. The In-Stack MNA capabilities include the Readable Label Depth (RLD), the maximum sizes of differently scoped Network Action Sub-stacks (MLD_NAS), and supported In-Stack network action opcodes. The Post-Stack MNA capabilities include the maximum Post-Stack MPLS Header size (MLD_PSMH), the Readable Label Depth including the Post-Stack MPLS Header (RLD_PSMH), and supported Post-Stack network action opcodes. This mechanism allows the ingress Label Edge Router (LER) to discover MNA capabilities of each transit and egress node on the path, enabling correct construction of MPLS label stacks containing MNA network actions.</t>
    </abstract>
    <note removeInRFC="true">
      <name>About This Document</name>
      <t>
        The latest revision of this draft can be found at <eref target="https://uni-tue-kn.github.io/draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling/draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling.html"/>.
        Status information for this document may be found at <eref target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling/"/>.
      </t>
      <t>
        Discussion of this document takes place on the
        Multiprotocol Label Switching Working Group mailing list (<eref target="mailto:mpls@ietf.org"/>),
        which is archived at <eref target="https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/mpls/"/>.
        Subscribe at <eref target="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mpls/"/>.
      </t>
      <t>Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
        <eref target="https://github.com/uni-tue-kn/draft-ihlesong-mpls-mna-signaling"/>.</t>
    </note>
  </front>
  <middle>
    <?line 73?>

<section anchor="introduction">
      <name>Introduction</name>
      <t>The MPLS Network Actions (MNA) framework <xref target="rfc9789"/> provides a general mechanism for encoding network actions and their data in the MPLS label stack.
Network actions are encoded in Network Action Sub-stacks (NAS) that are placed within (ISD) or follow after (PSD) the MPLS label stack.
The MNA header encoding is defined in <xref target="rfc9994"/>.
To correctly construct MPLS label stacks containing network actions, the ingress LER needs to know the MNA capabilities of each node along the path.
For Post-Stack MNA, the ingress LER additionally needs to discover whether nodes support Post-Stack MPLS Headers and what Post-Stack network actions they can process, as required by Section 5.3 of <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>.
These capabilities include:</t>
      <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
          <t>In-Stack MNA capabilities:
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>The Readable Label Depth (RLD): the number of Label Stack Entries (LSEs) a node can parse without performance impact.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The NAS Maximum Label Depth (MLD_NAS): the maximum supported NAS size for each scope (select, HBH, I2E).</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The supported In-Stack network action opcodes.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Post-Stack MNA capabilities:
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Whether the node supports Post-Stack MNA processing as defined in <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>,</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The maximum Post-Stack MPLS Header (PSMH) size (MLD_PSMH),</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The RLD including the PSMH (RLD_PSMH),</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The supported Post-Stack network action opcodes.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <t>This document defines new TLVs for the MPLS echo request/reply messages <xref target="rfc8029"/> to query and report MNA capabilities. The mechanism supports both "ping" mode (querying only the egress node) and "traceroute" mode (querying all nodes along the path).</t>
      <t>MNA capabilities could alternatively be advertised through routing protocols, similar to the advertisement of the Entropy Readable Label Depth (ERLD) in IS-IS <xref target="rfc9088"/> and OSPF <xref target="rfc9089"/>, or through BGP-LS <xref target="I-D.chen-lsr-mpls-mna-capability"/>.
However, the full MNA capability set, i.e., supported opcodes, per-scope NAS size limits, and Post-Stack parameters, is too voluminous to flood through the IGP to all nodes in a domain, most of which never use it.
This document therefore uses LSP Ping to collect capabilities on demand, only for the specific path on which the ingress LER intends to use MNA, and verified against the actual forwarding path in the data plane.
The relationship between MNA capability discovery and path selection is discussed in <xref target="path-selection"/>.</t>
      <section anchor="terminology">
        <name>Terminology</name>
        <t>The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL
NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>",
"<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be interpreted as
described in BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they
appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t>
        <?line -18?>

<section anchor="abbreviations">
          <name>Abbreviations</name>
          <t>This document makes use of the terms defined in <xref target="rfc9994"/> and in <xref target="rfc9789"/>.</t>
          <table anchor="table_abbrev">
            <name>Abbreviations.</name>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Abbreviation</th>
                <th align="left">Name</th>
                <th align="left">Description</th>
                <th align="left">Reference</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">NAS</td>
                <td align="left">Network Action Sub-stack</td>
                <td align="left">A stack of related LSEs in the MPLS stack containing network actions and ancillary data.</td>
                <td align="left">
                  <xref target="rfc9789"/></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RLD</td>
                <td align="left">Readable Label Depth</td>
                <td align="left">The number of LSEs a node can parse.</td>
                <td align="left">
                  <xref target="rfc9994"/></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MLD_NAS</td>
                <td align="left">NAS Maximum Label Depth</td>
                <td align="left">The maximum number of LSEs in a NAS that a node can process, defined per scope.</td>
                <td align="left">This document</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PSMH</td>
                <td align="left">Post-Stack MPLS Header</td>
                <td align="left">The header after the BOS carrying post-stack network actions and ancillary data.</td>
                <td align="left">
                  <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PSD</td>
                <td align="left">Post-Stack Data</td>
                <td align="left">Network actions and data encoded after the MPLS label stack.</td>
                <td align="left">
                  <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ISD</td>
                <td align="left">In-Stack Data</td>
                <td align="left">Network actions and data encoded within the MPLS label stack.</td>
                <td align="left">
                  <xref target="rfc9994"/></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MLD_PSMH</td>
                <td align="left">Maximum PSMH Size</td>
                <td align="left">The maximum PSMH size a node can process, in 4-octet units.</td>
                <td align="left">This document</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RLD_PSMH</td>
                <td align="left">RLD including PSMH</td>
                <td align="left">The total parseable depth including label stack and PSMH, in 4-octet units.</td>
                <td align="left">This document</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="definition-of-mna-capabilities">
      <name>Definition of MNA Capabilities</name>
      <t>This section defines the parameters that an LSR uses to signal its MNA capabilities to the ingress LER.</t>
      <section anchor="in-stack-mna-capabilities">
        <name>In-Stack MNA Capabilities</name>
        <section anchor="the-readable-label-depth-rld">
          <name>The Readable Label Depth (RLD)</name>
          <t>The Readable Label Depth (RLD) is the number of LSEs an LSR can parse without performance impact <xref target="rfc9789"/>.
An LSR is required to search the MPLS stack for NAS that have to be processed by the LSR.
To that end, the network actions must be within the RLD of the node.
For HBH-scoped network actions, the ingress LER that pushes the network actions <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure that the actions are readable at each LSR on the path, i.e., that they are placed within the RLD of each node.</t>
          <section anchor="example">
            <name>Example</name>
            <t>An example for the RLD parameter is given in <xref target="fig-rld_example"/>.
With an RLD of 5, an LSR is capable of reading labels A, B, C, D, and E but not F.
An RLD of 8 is required in this example to read the entire MPLS stack.</t>
            <figure anchor="fig-rld_example">
              <name>Example MPLS stack of 8 MPLS LSEs illustrating the concept of RLD.</name>
              <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = A                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = B                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = C                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = D                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = E                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = F                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = G                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = H                   | TC  |1|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section anchor="maximum-nas-sizes-mldnas">
          <name>Maximum NAS Sizes (MLD_NAS)</name>
          <t>This section gives a motivation for signaling maximum NAS sizes and then introduces the NAS Maximum Label Depth (MLD_NAS).</t>
          <section anchor="motivation">
            <name>Motivation</name>
            <t>A NAS in the MNA header encoding is at least 2 LSEs and at most 17 LSEs large <xref target="rfc9994"/>.
At an LSR, one or more NAS, e.g., a select-scoped and a hop-by-hop-scoped NAS, are possible.
With two maximum-sized NAS, an LSR is required to reserve 34 LSEs in hardware to be able to process network actions.
This consumes hardware resources that may be needed to encode other LSEs, e.g., forwarding labels for SR-MPLS paths, or are not available in less capable devices.</t>
            <t>Many use cases in the MNA framework <xref target="rfc9791"/> do not require a maximum-sized NAS of 17 LSEs to encode network actions and their ancillary data.
Therefore, a NAS can be up to 17 LSEs but nodes can also support smaller maximum NAS.
Signaling the maximum supported NAS size to the ingress LER prevents an LSR from receiving packets with a larger NAS than it supports.
This way, the allocated resources for NAS can be reduced if smaller maximum NAS are supported.
More resources are available for other purposes, and hardware with a low RLD can be made MNA-capable <xref target="IhMe25"/>.</t>
          </section>
          <section anchor="nas-maximum-label-depth">
            <name>NAS Maximum Label Depth</name>
            <t>The maximum supported number of LSEs in a NAS that an LSR can process is referred to as NAS Maximum Label Depth (MLD_NAS) in this document.
For each scope in MNA, a separate parameter for the MLD_NAS exists, called MLD_NAS_Select, MLD_NAS_HBH, and MLD_NAS_I2E.</t>
            <t>An LSR <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> signal the maximum-supported size of a NAS for each scope, i.e., the parameters MLD_NAS_Select, MLD_NAS_HBH, and MLD_NAS_I2E.
Those parameters include the Format A, B, C, and D LSEs from <xref target="rfc9994"/> in a NAS.</t>
            <t>Based on the signaled parameters, the ingress LER <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure the following when pushing the MPLS stack and NAS on a packet:</t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>
                <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> push a select-scoped NAS that is larger than the signaled MLD_NAS_Select value of the node that will process the select-scoped NAS.</t>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> push an HBH-scoped NAS that is larger than the minimum of all signaled MLD_NAS_HBH values of all nodes on the path.</t>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> push an I2E-scoped NAS that is larger than the signaled MLD_NAS_I2E value of the egress node.</t>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section anchor="example-1">
            <name>Example</name>
            <t><xref target="fig-nas_sizes_example"/> illustrates the different MLD_NAS sizes in an MPLS stack that are signaled by the LSR.
In this example, a select-scoped NAS has a maximum size of 4 LSEs, a hop-by-hop-scoped NAS of 7 LSEs, and an I2E-scoped NAS of 4 LSEs.</t>
            <figure anchor="fig-nas_sizes_example">
              <name>Example MPLS stack illustrating the different NAS sizes.</name>
              <artwork><![CDATA[
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = A                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  ──┑
|      MNA-Label=bSPL (TBA)             | TC  |0|    TTL        |    │ 
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|   Opcode    |      Data               |R|SEL|0|U| NASL=2|NAL=0|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ MLD_NAS
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=1| _Select
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|1|                  Data                     |0|    Data       |    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  ──┚
|      MPLS-Label = B                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      MPLS-Label = C                   | TC  |0|    TTL        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  ──┑
|      MNA-Label=bSPL (TBA)             | TC  |0|    TTL        |    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │  
|   Opcode    |      Data               |R|HBH|0|U| NASL=5|NAL=0|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=0|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=0| MLD_NAS
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  _HBH
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=0|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=1|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|1|                  Data                     |0|    Data       |    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ───┨
|      MNA-Label=bSPL (TBA)             | TC  |0|    TTL        |    │ 
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │
|   Opcode    |      Data               |R|I2E|0|U| NASL=2|NAL=0|    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ MLD_NAS
|   Opcode    |      Data                     |0|U|  Data |NAL=1|  _I2E
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    │      
|1|                  Data                     |1|    Data       |    │
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ───┚
]]></artwork>
            </figure>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section anchor="supported-in-stack-network-action-opcodes">
          <name>Supported In-Stack Network Action Opcodes</name>
          <t>When an LSR reports its In-Stack capabilities, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> include all In-Stack network action opcodes it supports.
If a network action opcode is not signaled, it is assumed that this opcode is not supported by the node.</t>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section anchor="post-stack-mna-capabilities">
        <name>Post-Stack MNA Capabilities</name>
        <t>The Post-Stack MNA solution <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/> allows network actions and their ancillary data to be encoded after the bottom of the MPLS label stack in a Post-Stack MPLS Header (PSMH).
Section 5.3 of <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/> requires that each participating node signals its Post-Stack capabilities to the encapsulating node.
This section defines the parameters for that purpose.</t>
        <section anchor="post-stack-mna-support">
          <name>Post-Stack MNA Support</name>
          <t>A node <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> support Post-Stack MNA processing.
The encapsulating node <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> add a Post-Stack MPLS Header to a packet if the decapsulating node does not support Post-Stack MNA processing <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>.
Therefore, the ingress LER needs to discover whether each node on the path supports Post-Stack MNA.</t>
        </section>
        <section anchor="maximum-post-stack-mpls-header-size-mldpsmh">
          <name>Maximum Post-Stack MPLS Header Size (MLD_PSMH)</name>
          <t>The PSMH-LEN field in the Post-Stack MPLS Header indicates the total length of the Post-Stack MPLS Header in 4-octet units, excluding the 4-byte PSMH type header <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>.
Hardware implementations may have limits on the maximum PSMH size they can process.
The maximum supported PSMH length is referred to as MLD_PSMH in this document, analogous to the scope-specific values of MLD_NAS for ISD.
It is expressed in 4-octet units, consistent with the PSMH-LEN field encoding.
An LSR <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> signal its MLD_PSMH to the ingress LER.
Based on the signaled parameters, the ingress LER <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure the following:</t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> add a PSMH with a PSMH-LEN exceeding the MLD_PSMH of any node that will process that PSMH.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section anchor="readable-label-depth-including-post-stack-mpls-header-rldpsmh">
          <name>Readable Label Depth Including Post-Stack MPLS Header (RLD_PSMH)</name>
          <t>Section 5.3 of <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/> defines the "Readable Label Depth including Post-Stack MPLS Header" as the total depth a node can parse, including both the MPLS label stack and the PSMH.
This parameter is referred to as RLD_PSMH in this document and is expressed in 4-octet units.
When the RLD_PSMH is signaled, the ingress LER <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure that the combined size of the MPLS label stack and any PSMH intended for a node does not exceed that node's RLD_PSMH.</t>
        </section>
        <section anchor="supported-post-stack-network-action-opcodes">
          <name>Supported Post-Stack Network Action Opcodes</name>
          <t>The Post-Stack network action opcode space (MNA-PS-OP) is 7 bits, supporting 128 opcodes <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>.
When a node reports its Post-Stack capabilities, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> include all Post-Stack network action opcodes it supports.
The Post-Stack opcode space is separate from the In-Stack opcode space; a node may support an opcode in-stack, post-stack, or both.</t>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="overview">
      <name>LSP Ping MNA Operation Overview</name>
      <t>The MNA capability discovery mechanism operates as follows:</t>
      <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
          <t>The ingress LER sends MPLS echo request messages containing the MNA Capabilities Query TLV. In traceroute mode, echo requests are sent with incrementing TTL values to reach each node on the path. In ping mode, a single echo request is sent to the egress LER.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Each node that receives the echo request and supports MNA capability discovery responds with an MPLS echo reply containing the MNA Capabilities Response TLV. The response includes sub-TLVs corresponding to the queried capabilities.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>The ingress LER aggregates the received responses to determine path-wide MNA constraints. Specifically:  </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>The path-wide RLD is the minimum RLD reported by any node on the path.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The path-wide MLD_NAS_HBH is the minimum MLD_NAS_HBH reported by any node.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The MLD_NAS_Select for a specific node is the value reported by that node.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The MLD_NAS_I2E is the value reported by the egress node.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>The path-wide supported opcodes for HBH-scoped NAS are the intersection of opcodes supported by all nodes. The supported opcodes for a select-scoped NAS are those reported by the node processing that NAS, and for an I2E-scoped NAS those reported by the egress node.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Post-Stack capabilities are aggregated in the same way: Post-Stack MNA is available only if the decapsulating node reports PS_SUPPORTED, the path-wide MLD_PSMH and RLD_PSMH are the minima of the values reported by the nodes that process the PSMH, and the supported Post-Stack opcodes are aggregated per scope like the In-Stack opcodes.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> perform MNA capability discovery before pushing MNA-enabled label stacks onto a path. The ingress LER <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> re-query capabilities when the path changes, e.g., due to IGP reconvergence or Fast Reroute activation.</t>
      <section anchor="path-selection">
        <name>Relationship to Path Selection</name>
        <t>MNA capability discovery is not an input to path computation.
Paths are selected by existing mechanisms without MNA capability information, and the mechanism defined in this document informs the ingress LER about the MNA constraints of the selected path before network actions are pushed onto it.</t>
        <t>Only coarse feasibility information needs to be available at path selection time, and such information already has an IGP home: the RLD can be advertised as MSD-Type 3 <xref target="rfc9789"/> using the MSD advertisements of IS-IS <xref target="rfc8491"/> and OSPF <xref target="rfc8476"/>.
In contrast, the detailed capability set, i.e., supported opcodes, per-scope NAS size limits, and Post-Stack parameters, is voluminous and only relevant for the specific paths on which an ingress LER intends to use MNA.
Flooding this information through the IGP would burden all nodes in the domain with information that most of them never use.
This document therefore probes the detailed capability set on demand and per path.</t>
        <t>If the discovered capabilities are not sufficient for the intended network actions, the ingress LER can adapt the NAS construction to the discovered constraints, or refrain from using MNA on that path.
If the ingress LER can steer traffic, e.g., using SR-TE candidate paths or RSVP-TE explicit routes, it can also select an alternate candidate path or egress node and repeat the discovery there.
In particular, when multiple candidate egress nodes exist, the ingress LER can probe each candidate in ping mode to select an egress node that supports the required network actions, e.g., the required MLD_NAS_I2E or Post-Stack decapsulation support.
This iterative approach keeps the amount of flooded information minimal and requires neither routing protocol extensions nor a central controller.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="mna-capabilities-query-tlv">
        <name>MNA Capabilities Query TLV</name>
        <t>The MNA Capabilities Query TLV is carried in the MPLS Echo Request message.
Its format is as follows:</t>
        <figure anchor="fig-query-tlv">
          <name>MNA Capabilities Query TLV.</name>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|  MNA Cap. Query Type (TBA1)   |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|  Query Flags  |                   Reserved                    |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The fields are defined as follows:</t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Type: Indicates the MNA Capabilities Query TLV. The value is TBA1.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Length: The length of the Value field in octets. For this TLV, Length is 4 octets.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Query Flags: An 8-bit field indicating which capabilities are being queried. Bit 0 is the most significant bit of the field:</t>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <table anchor="query-flags">
          <name>Query Flags.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Bit</th>
              <th align="left">Name</th>
              <th align="left">Description</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_RLD_MLD_NAS</td>
              <td align="left">Query the Readable Label Depth and NAS Maximum Label Depth (scopes)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_ISD_OPCODES</td>
              <td align="left">Query supported network action opcodes for ISD</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_PS_MNA</td>
              <td align="left">Query Post-Stack MNA capabilities (support, MLD_PSMH, RLD_PSMH)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_PS_OPCODES</td>
              <td align="left">Query supported network action opcodes for PSD</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4-7</td>
              <td align="left">Reserved</td>
              <td align="left">
                <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to zero on transmit, ignored on receipt</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Reserved: <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to zero on transmit and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be ignored on receipt.</t>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>A node that receives an MNA Capabilities Query TLV with all Query Flags set to zero <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> respond with all available MNA capabilities.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="mna-capabilities-response-tlv">
        <name>MNA Capabilities Response TLV</name>
        <t>The MNA Capabilities Response TLV is carried in the MPLS Echo Reply message. Its format is as follows:</t>
        <figure anchor="fig-response-tlv">
          <name>MNA Capabilities Response TLV.</name>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MNA Cap. Response Type (TBA2) |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                                                               |
//                   List of Sub-TLVs                          //
|                                                               |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The fields are defined as follows:</t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Type: Indicates the MNA Capabilities Response TLV. The value is TBA2.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Length: The length of the Value field in octets.</t>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>The Value field consists of one or more sub-TLVs as defined in the following sections. The responding node <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> include sub-TLVs corresponding to the flags set in the Query TLV. If no flags were set in the query, the responding node <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> include all sub-TLVs for which it has information.</t>
        <section anchor="rld-and-mldnas-sub-tlv">
          <name>RLD and MLD_NAS Sub-TLV</name>
          <t>The RLD and MLD_NAS Sub-TLV reports the Readable Label Depth of the responding node together with the maximum supported NAS sizes for each scope.</t>
          <figure anchor="fig-rld-mld-tlv">
            <name>RLD and MLD_NAS Sub-TLV.</name>
            <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RLD & MLD_NAS Sub-type (1)    |         Length = 4            |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   RLD Value   | MLD_NAS_Select| MLD_NAS_HBH   | MLD_NAS_I2E   |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Sub-type: 1 (RLD and MLD_NAS).</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Length: 4 octets.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>RLD Value: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of LSEs the node can parse without performance impact. A value of 0 indicates that the node did not provide an RLD value.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>MLD_NAS_Select: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the maximum number of LSEs in a select-scoped NAS that the node can process. Valid range: 2-17. A value of 0 indicates that select-scoped NAS are not supported. Values of 1 and 18-255 are invalid and <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be sent; receivers <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> treat them as 0.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>MLD_NAS_HBH: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the maximum number of LSEs in an HBH-scoped NAS that the node can process. Valid range: 2-17. A value of 0 indicates that HBH-scoped NAS are not supported. Values of 1 and 18-255 are invalid and <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be sent; receivers <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> treat them as 0.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>MLD_NAS_I2E: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the maximum number of LSEs in an I2E-scoped NAS that the node can process. Valid range: 2-17. A value of 0 indicates that I2E-scoped NAS are not supported. Values of 1 and 18-255 are invalid and <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be sent; receivers <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> treat them as 0.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section anchor="isd-opcodes">
          <name>Supported In-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV</name>
          <t>The Supported In-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV reports the In-Stack network action opcodes supported by the responding node using a bitmap encoding. The MNA opcode space is 7 bits, supporting 128 opcodes. Each bit in the bitmap corresponds to one opcode value.</t>
          <figure anchor="fig-opcode-tlv">
            <name>Supported In-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV.</name>
            <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|  Opcodes Sub-type (2)         |         Length = 16           |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|             Supported Opcodes bitmap (bits 0-31)              |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|             Supported Opcodes bitmap (bits 32-63)             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|             Supported Opcodes bitmap (bits 64-95)             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|             Supported Opcodes bitmap (bits 96-127)            |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Sub-type: 2 (Supported In-Stack Opcodes).</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Length: 16 octets.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Supported In-Stack Opcodes bitmap: A 128-bit bitmap where bit N (counting from bit 0 as the most significant bit of the first octet) corresponds to opcode value N. If bit N is set to 1, the node supports opcode N. If bit N is set to 0, the node does not support opcode N.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section anchor="post-stack-mna-capabilities-sub-tlv">
          <name>Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Sub-TLV</name>
          <t>The Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Sub-TLV reports whether the node supports Post-Stack MNA processing, the maximum PSMH size, and the RLD including PSMH.</t>
          <figure anchor="fig-psd">
            <name>Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Sub-TLV.</name>
            <artwork><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|    PS MNA Cap. Sub-type (3)   |         Length = 4            |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   PS Flags    | MLD_PSMH      |  RLD_PSMH    |  Reserved      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Sub-type: 3 (Post-Stack MNA Capabilities).</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Length: 4 octets.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>PS Flags: An 8-bit field. Bit 0 is the most significant bit of the field.
              </t>
              <ul spacing="normal">
                <li>
                  <t>Bit 0: PS_SUPPORTED. If set to 1, the node supports Post-Stack MNA processing as defined in <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>. If set to 0, Post-Stack MNA is not supported and the remaining fields in this sub-TLV <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be ignored.</t>
                </li>
                <li>
                  <t>Bits 1-7: Reserved. <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to zero on transmit and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be ignored on receipt.</t>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>MLD_PSMH: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the maximum Post-Stack MPLS Header length (in 4-octet units, excluding the PSMH type header) that the node can process. A value of 0 indicates that the node did not provide this value. The valid range corresponds to the 8-bit PSMH-LEN field defined in <xref target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr"/>.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>RLD_PSMH: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the Readable Label Depth including the Post-Stack MPLS Header, in 4-octet units. A value of 0 indicates that the node did not provide this value.</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Reserved: <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to zero on transmit and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be ignored on receipt.</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section anchor="supported-post-stack-opcodes-sub-tlv">
          <name>Supported Post-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV</name>
          <t>The Supported Post-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV reports the Post-Stack network action opcodes supported by the responding node.
The Post-Stack opcode space is 7 bits (128 values), identical to the In-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV format in <xref target="isd-opcodes"/> but independent from it.
For the Supported Post-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV, the sub-type 4 (Supported Post-Stack Opcodes) is used.
The format is identical to <xref target="fig-opcode-tlv"/>.</t>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="processing-rules">
      <name>Processing Rules</name>
      <t>This section defines the processing rules for querying and responding nodes.</t>
      <section anchor="ingress-ler-querier">
        <name>Ingress LER (Querier)</name>
        <t>The ingress LER constructs MPLS echo request messages containing the MNA Capabilities Query TLV.
In traceroute mode, the ingress LER sends echo requests with TTL values from 1 to the path length. This allows discovery of MNA capabilities at each hop.
Traceroute mode <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be used when HBH-scoped network actions are planned, as the ingress LER needs the capabilities of every node to correctly place NAS copies within each node's RLD.
In ping mode, a single echo request with TTL set to 255 is sent.
This is sufficient when only I2E-scoped network actions are planned, as only the egress node's capabilities are needed.
After collecting responses, the ingress LER computes path-wide constraints as described in <xref target="overview"/>.
The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure the following when constructing MPLS stacks with MNA:</t>
        <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
            <t>A select-scoped NAS pushed for a specific node <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> exceed that node's MLD_NAS_Select.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>An HBH-scoped NAS <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> exceed the minimum MLD_NAS_HBH across all nodes on the path.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>An I2E-scoped NAS <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> exceed the egress node's MLD_NAS_I2E.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>All NAS intended for a node <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be within that node's RLD.</t>
          </li>
        </ol>
        <t>When Post-Stack MNA is used, the ingress LER <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> additionally ensure:</t>
        <ol spacing="normal" type="1"><li>
            <t>The ingress LER <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> add a Post-Stack MPLS Header to a packet if the decapsulating node does not have the PS_SUPPORTED flag set.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>The PSMH-LEN of any Post-Stack MPLS Header <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> exceed the MLD_PSMH of any node that will process the PSMH.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>The combined size of the MPLS label stack and any PSMH intended for a node <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> exceed that node's RLD_PSMH.</t>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </section>
      <section anchor="responding-node">
        <name>Responding Node</name>
        <t>A node that supports MNA and receives an MPLS echo request containing the MNA Capabilities Query TLV <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> respond with an MPLS echo reply containing the MNA Capabilities Response TLV.
The responding node <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> include sub-TLVs corresponding to the flags set in the query:</t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>If the QUERY_RLD_MLD_NAS flag is set, the RLD and MLD_NAS Sub-TLV <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be included.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>If the QUERY_ISD_OPCODES flag is set, the Supported In-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be included.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>If the QUERY_PS_MNA flag is set, the Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Sub-TLV (sub-type 3) <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be included.</t>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>If the node supports Post-Stack MNA and the QUERY_PS_OPCODES flag is set, the Supported Post-Stack Opcodes Sub-TLV (sub-type 4) <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> also be included.</t>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>If no Query Flags are set (all zero), the responding node <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> include all available sub-TLVs.
The reported capabilities are those of the node as a whole.
If capabilities vary per interface, the node <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> report the capabilities applicable to the interface on which the echo request was received.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="mna-incapable-nodes">
        <name>MNA-incapable Nodes</name>
        <t>A node that does not support MNA will not recognize the MNA Capabilities Query TLV.
The TLV type for the MNA Capabilities Query TLV is assigned from the mandatory TLV range of <xref target="rfc8029"/> (types 0-32767), so a node that does not recognize the TLV returns Return Code 2 ("One or more of the TLVs was not understood") in the echo reply.
This allows the ingress LER to detect nodes that do not support MNA.</t>
        <t>If a node does not support MNA, but recognizes the MNA Capabilities Query TLV, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> include Return Code TBA3 in the MPLS echo reply message.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="example-2">
      <name>Example</name>
      <t>Consider an SR-MPLS path with three LSRs: R1, R2 (transit), and R3 (egress). The ingress LER R0 wants to push an HBH-scoped NAS and a select-scoped NAS for R2 along this path.</t>
      <t>R0 sends MPLS echo requests in traceroute mode with all Query Flags set. The responses are:</t>
      <table anchor="table_example_ping">
        <name>Example MNA Capabilities Responses.</name>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Node</th>
            <th align="left">RLD</th>
            <th align="left">MLD_NAS_Select</th>
            <th align="left">MLD_NAS_HBH</th>
            <th align="left">MLD_NAS_I2E</th>
            <th align="left">PS_Supported</th>
            <th align="left">MLD_PSMH</th>
            <th align="left">RLD_PSMH</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">R1</td>
            <td align="left">20</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">0 (not egress)</td>
            <td align="left">Yes</td>
            <td align="left">16</td>
            <td align="left">36</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">R2</td>
            <td align="left">51</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">3</td>
            <td align="left">0 (not egress)</td>
            <td align="left">Yes</td>
            <td align="left">8</td>
            <td align="left">59</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">R3</td>
            <td align="left">35</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">9</td>
            <td align="left">Yes</td>
            <td align="left">16</td>
            <td align="left">51</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <t>From these responses, R0 determines:</t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>
          <t>Path-wide RLD: min(20, 51, 35) = 20 LSEs</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Path-wide MLD_NAS_HBH: min(9, 3, 9) = 3 LSEs</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>MLD_NAS_Select for R2: 9 LSEs</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>MLD_NAS_I2E: 9 LSEs (from R3)</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Post-Stack MNA is supported on all nodes (PS_SUPPORTED set at R1, R2, R3).</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Path-wide MLD_PSMH for HBH-scoped PSMH: min(16, 8, 16) = 8 (in 4-octet units).</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>MLD_PSMH for I2E-scoped PSMH: 16 (from R3).</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Path-wide RLD_PSMH: min(36, 59, 51) = 36 (in 4-octet units).</t>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <t>R0 can now construct a label stack ensuring that all NAS are within each node's RLD and do not exceed the per-scope MLD_NAS constraints. For Post-Stack MNA, R0 ensures that the PSMH does not exceed the path-wide MLD_PSMH and that the combined label stack and PSMH do not exceed any node's RLD_PSMH.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="security-considerations">
      <name>Security Considerations</name>
      <t>The security considerations described in <xref target="rfc8029"/> apply to this document.
The MNA capability discovery mechanism reveals information about node capabilities, which could potentially be exploited by an attacker to craft targeted attacks against nodes with limited MNA support.
Nodes that support MNA capability discovery <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> support configuration options to enable or disable the MNA Capabilities Query/Response functionality.
By default, MNA capability discovery <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be enabled only within an MNA-capable MPLS domain.
The security considerations from <xref target="rfc9994"/> and <xref target="rfc9789"/> also apply.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="iana-considerations">
      <name>IANA Considerations</name>
      <t>This section requests new TLVs and sub-TLVs.</t>
      <section anchor="tlv-assignments">
        <name>TLV Assignments</name>
        <t>IANA is requested to assign two new TLVs from the "TLVs" registry in the "Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Ping Parameters" registry group.
The TLV values are requested from the range 0-16383 (Standards Action), in which a TLV <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> either be supported by an implementation or result in Return Code 2 ("One or more of the TLVs was not understood") in the echo reply <xref target="rfc8029"/>.</t>
        <table anchor="table_iana">
          <name>New TLVs.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Value</th>
              <th align="left">TLV Name</th>
              <th align="left">Reference</th>
              <th align="left">Sub-TLV Registry</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TBA1</td>
              <td align="left">MNA Capabilities Query</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
              <td align="left">No</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TBA2</td>
              <td align="left">MNA Capabilities Response</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
              <td align="left">See <xref target="table_iana2"/></td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </section>
      <section anchor="new-sub-tlv-registry">
        <name>New Sub-TLV Registry</name>
        <t>IANA is requested to create a new "Sub-TLVs for TLV Type TBA2" registry in the "Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Ping Parameters" registry group.
The value ranges and registration procedures of this registry are the same as those of the "TLVs" registry <xref target="rfc8029"/>, i.e., 0-16383 and 32768-49161 (Standards Action), 16384-31739 and 49162-64507 (RFC Required), 31740-31743 and 64508-64511 (Experimental Use), and 31744-32767 and 64512-65535 (First Come First Served).
The initial entries are as follows; all other values are Unassigned.</t>
        <table anchor="table_iana2">
          <name>Sub-TLV Registry for TLV TBA2.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Sub-Type</th>
              <th align="left">Sub-TLV Name</th>
              <th align="left">Reference</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0</td>
              <td align="left">Reserved</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1</td>
              <td align="left">RLD and MLD_NAS</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2</td>
              <td align="left">Supported In-Stack Opcodes</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3</td>
              <td align="left">Post-Stack MNA Capabilities</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4</td>
              <td align="left">Supported Post-Stack Opcodes</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </section>
      <section anchor="query-flags-and-ps-flags-registries">
        <name>Query Flags and PS Flags Registries</name>
        <t>IANA is requested to create a new "MNA Capabilities Query Flags" registry for the 8-bit Query Flags field of the MNA Capabilities Query TLV.
The registration procedure is Standards Action.
The initial entries are as follows; bits 4-7 are Unassigned.</t>
        <table anchor="table_iana_qflags">
          <name>MNA Capabilities Query Flags Registry.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Bit</th>
              <th align="left">Name</th>
              <th align="left">Reference</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_RLD_MLD_NAS</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">1</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_ISD_OPCODES</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">2</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_PS_MNA</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">3</td>
              <td align="left">QUERY_PS_OPCODES</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t>IANA is further requested to create a new "Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Flags" registry for the 8-bit PS Flags field of the Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Sub-TLV.
The registration procedure is Standards Action.
The initial entry is as follows; bits 1-7 are Unassigned.</t>
        <table anchor="table_iana_psflags">
          <name>Post-Stack MNA Capabilities Flags Registry.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Bit</th>
              <th align="left">Name</th>
              <th align="left">Reference</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0</td>
              <td align="left">PS_SUPPORTED</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </section>
      <section anchor="return-code-assignment">
        <name>Return Code Assignment</name>
        <t>IANA is requested to assign a new Return Code from the "Return Code" registry in the "Multiprotocol Label
Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Ping Parameters" registry group as follows.</t>
        <table anchor="table_return_code">
          <name>New return code.</name>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Value</th>
              <th align="left">Meaning</th>
              <th align="left">Reference</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TBA3</td>
              <td align="left">MNA not supported</td>
              <td align="left">This document</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </section>
    </section>
  </middle>
  <back>
    <references anchor="sec-combined-references">
      <name>References</name>
      <references anchor="sec-normative-references">
        <name>Normative References</name>
        <reference anchor="rfc9994">
          <front>
            <title>MPLS Network Action (MNA) Sub-Stack Specification Including In-Stack Network Actions and Data</title>
            <author fullname="J. Rajamanickam" initials="J." role="editor" surname="Rajamanickam"/>
            <author fullname="R. Gandhi" initials="R." role="editor" surname="Gandhi"/>
            <author fullname="R. Zigler" initials="R." surname="Zigler"/>
            <author fullname="H. Song" initials="H." surname="Song"/>
            <author fullname="K. Kompella" initials="K." surname="Kompella"/>
            <date month="June" year="2026"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document specifies the MPLS Network Action (MNA) Sub-Stack for carrying network actions and Ancillary Data (AD) in the MPLS label stack. MNA can be used to influence packet-forwarding decisions, carry additional Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) information in the MPLS packet, or perform user-defined operations.</t>
              <t>This document updates RFC 9789 to refine the list of pieces of information that must be included in any document that defines an MNA.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9994"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9994"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr">
          <front>
            <title>Post-Stack MPLS Network Action (MNA) Header Specification</title>
            <author fullname="Jaganbabu Rajamanickam" initials="J." surname="Rajamanickam">
              <organization>Cisco Systems, Inc.</organization>
            </author>
            <author fullname="Rakesh Gandhi" initials="R." surname="Gandhi">
              <organization>Cisco Systems, Inc.</organization>
            </author>
            <author fullname="Royi Zigler" initials="R." surname="Zigler">
              <organization>Broadcom</organization>
            </author>
            <author fullname="Jie Dong" initials="J." surname="Dong">
              <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization>
            </author>
            <author fullname="Jisu Bhattacharya" initials="J." surname="Bhattacharya">
              <organization>Cisco Systems, Inc.</organization>
            </author>
            <date day="18" month="July" year="2026"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>   This document specifies the Post-Stack MPLS Network Action (MNA)
   Header encoding and procedures for carrying Network Action encodings
   and Ancillary Data after the MPLS label stack, based on the MNA Sub-
   Stack including In-Stack Network Actions and Data specified in RFC
   9994.  MPLS Network Actions can be used to influence packet
   forwarding decisions, carry additional Operations, Administration,
   and Maintenance information in the MPLS packet, or perform user-
   defined operations.  This document follows the framework specified in
   RFC 9789.

              </t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-mpls-mna-ps-hdr-10"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc8029">
          <front>
            <title>Detecting Multiprotocol Label Switched (MPLS) Data-Plane Failures</title>
            <author fullname="K. Kompella" initials="K." surname="Kompella"/>
            <author fullname="G. Swallow" initials="G." surname="Swallow"/>
            <author fullname="C. Pignataro" initials="C." role="editor" surname="Pignataro"/>
            <author fullname="N. Kumar" initials="N." surname="Kumar"/>
            <author fullname="S. Aldrin" initials="S." surname="Aldrin"/>
            <author fullname="M. Chen" initials="M." surname="Chen"/>
            <date month="March" year="2017"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document describes a simple and efficient mechanism to detect data-plane failures in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Paths (LSPs). It defines a probe message called an "MPLS echo request" and a response message called an "MPLS echo reply" for returning the result of the probe. The MPLS echo request is intended to contain sufficient information to check correct operation of the data plane and to verify the data plane against the control plane, thereby localizing faults.</t>
              <t>This document obsoletes RFCs 4379, 6424, 6829, and 7537, and updates RFC 1122.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8029"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8029"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="RFC2119">
          <front>
            <title>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</title>
            <author fullname="S. Bradner" initials="S." surname="Bradner"/>
            <date month="March" year="1997"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2119"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2119"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="RFC8174">
          <front>
            <title>Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words</title>
            <author fullname="B. Leiba" initials="B." surname="Leiba"/>
            <date month="May" year="2017"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8174"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8174"/>
        </reference>
      </references>
      <references anchor="sec-informative-references">
        <name>Informative References</name>
        <reference anchor="IhMe25" target="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10947349">
          <front>
            <title>MPLS Network Actions; Technological Overview and P4-Based Implementation on a High-Speed Switching ASIC</title>
            <author initials="F." surname="Ihle" fullname="Fabian Ihle">
              <organization>University of Tuebingen</organization>
            </author>
            <author initials="M." surname="Menth" fullname="Michael Menth">
              <organization>University of Tuebingen</organization>
            </author>
            <date year="2025" month="April" day="02"/>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3557082"/>
          <format type="PDF" target="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=10947349"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc9789">
          <front>
            <title>MPLS Network Actions (MNAs) Framework</title>
            <author fullname="L. Andersson" initials="L." surname="Andersson"/>
            <author fullname="S. Bryant" initials="S." surname="Bryant"/>
            <author fullname="M. Bocci" initials="M." surname="Bocci"/>
            <author fullname="T. Li" initials="T." surname="Li"/>
            <date month="July" year="2025"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document describes an architectural framework for MPLS Network Action (MNA) technologies. MNA technologies are used to indicate actions that impact the forwarding or other processing (such as monitoring) of the packet along the Label Switched Path (LSP) of the packet and to transfer any additional data needed for these actions.</t>
              <t>This document provides the foundation for the development of a common set of network actions and information elements supporting additional operational models and capabilities of MPLS networks.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9789"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9789"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc9088">
          <front>
            <title>Signaling Entropy Label Capability and Entropy Readable Label Depth Using IS-IS</title>
            <author fullname="X. Xu" initials="X." surname="Xu"/>
            <author fullname="S. Kini" initials="S." surname="Kini"/>
            <author fullname="P. Psenak" initials="P." surname="Psenak"/>
            <author fullname="C. Filsfils" initials="C." surname="Filsfils"/>
            <author fullname="S. Litkowski" initials="S." surname="Litkowski"/>
            <author fullname="M. Bocci" initials="M." surname="Bocci"/>
            <date month="August" year="2021"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) has defined a mechanism to load-balance traffic flows using Entropy Labels (EL). An ingress Label Switching Router (LSR) cannot insert ELs for packets going into a given Label Switched Path (LSP) unless an egress LSR has indicated via signaling that it has the capability to process ELs, referred to as the Entropy Label Capability (ELC), on that LSP. In addition, it would be useful for ingress LSRs to know each LSR's capability for reading the maximum label stack depth and performing EL-based load-balancing, referred to as Entropy Readable Label Depth (ERLD). This document defines a mechanism to signal these two capabilities using IS-IS and Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS).</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9088"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9088"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc9089">
          <front>
            <title>Signaling Entropy Label Capability and Entropy Readable Label Depth Using OSPF</title>
            <author fullname="X. Xu" initials="X." surname="Xu"/>
            <author fullname="S. Kini" initials="S." surname="Kini"/>
            <author fullname="P. Psenak" initials="P." surname="Psenak"/>
            <author fullname="C. Filsfils" initials="C." surname="Filsfils"/>
            <author fullname="S. Litkowski" initials="S." surname="Litkowski"/>
            <author fullname="M. Bocci" initials="M." surname="Bocci"/>
            <date month="August" year="2021"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) has defined a mechanism to load-balance traffic flows using Entropy Labels (EL). An ingress Label Switching Router (LSR) cannot insert ELs for packets going into a given Label Switched Path (LSP) unless an egress LSR has indicated via signaling that it has the capability to process ELs, referred to as the Entropy Label Capability (ELC), on that LSP. In addition, it would be useful for ingress LSRs to know each LSR's capability for reading the maximum label stack depth and performing EL-based load-balancing, referred to as Entropy Readable Label Depth (ERLD). This document defines a mechanism to signal these two capabilities using OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, and Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS).</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9089"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9089"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="I-D.chen-lsr-mpls-mna-capability">
          <front>
            <title>Signaling MNA Capability Using IGP and BGP-LS</title>
            <author fullname="Ran Chen" initials="R." surname="Chen">
              <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization>
            </author>
            <author fullname="Detao Zhao" initials="D." surname="Zhao">
              <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization>
            </author>
            <date day="27" month="January" year="2026"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>   This document defines a mechanism to signal MNA Capability using IGP
   and Border Gateway Protocol-Link State(BGP-LS).

              </t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-chen-lsr-mpls-mna-capability-04"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc9791">
          <front>
            <title>Use Cases for MPLS Network Action Indicators and Ancillary Data</title>
            <author fullname="T. Saad" initials="T." surname="Saad"/>
            <author fullname="K. Makhijani" initials="K." surname="Makhijani"/>
            <author fullname="H. Song" initials="H." surname="Song"/>
            <author fullname="G. Mirsky" initials="G." surname="Mirsky"/>
            <date month="July" year="2025"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document presents use cases that have a common feature that may be addressed by encoding network action indicators and associated ancillary data within MPLS packets. There is community interest in extending the MPLS data plane to carry such indicators and ancillary data to address these use cases.</t>
              <t>The use cases described in this document are not an exhaustive set but rather the ones that have been actively discussed by members of the IETF MPLS, PALS, and DetNet Working Groups from the beginning of work on MPLS Network Action (MNA) until the publication of this document.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9791"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9791"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc8491">
          <front>
            <title>Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using IS-IS</title>
            <author fullname="J. Tantsura" initials="J." surname="Tantsura"/>
            <author fullname="U. Chunduri" initials="U." surname="Chunduri"/>
            <author fullname="S. Aldrin" initials="S." surname="Aldrin"/>
            <author fullname="L. Ginsberg" initials="L." surname="Ginsberg"/>
            <date month="November" year="2018"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document defines a way for an Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) router to advertise multiple types of supported Maximum SID Depths (MSDs) at node and/or link granularity. Such advertisements allow entities (e.g., centralized controllers) to determine whether a particular Segment ID (SID) stack can be supported in a given network. This document only defines one type of MSD: Base MPLS Imposition. However, it defines an encoding that can support other MSD types. This document focuses on MSD use in a network that is Segment Routing (SR) enabled, but MSD may also be useful when SR is not enabled.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8491"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8491"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="rfc8476">
          <front>
            <title>Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using OSPF</title>
            <author fullname="J. Tantsura" initials="J." surname="Tantsura"/>
            <author fullname="U. Chunduri" initials="U." surname="Chunduri"/>
            <author fullname="S. Aldrin" initials="S." surname="Aldrin"/>
            <author fullname="P. Psenak" initials="P." surname="Psenak"/>
            <date month="December" year="2018"/>
            <abstract>
              <t>This document defines a way for an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) router to advertise multiple types of supported Maximum SID Depths (MSDs) at node and/or link granularity. Such advertisements allow entities (e.g., centralized controllers) to determine whether a particular Segment Identifier (SID) stack can be supported in a given network. This document only refers to the Signaling MSD as defined in RFC 8491, but it defines an encoding that can support other MSD types. Here, the term "OSPF" means both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.</t>
            </abstract>
          </front>
          <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8476"/>
          <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8476"/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </references>
    <?line 586?>



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