#!/usr/bin/env python3

# This script transforms markdown files into html and (optionally) nroff. The
# output files are written into the current directory named for the input file
# without the .md suffix and either the .html suffix or no suffix.
#
# If the input .md file has a section number at the end of the name (e.g.,
# rsync.1.md) a nroff file is also output (PROJ.NUM.md -> PROJ.NUM).
#
# The markdown input format has one extra extension: if a numbered list starts
# at 0, it is turned into a description list. The dl's dt tag is taken from the
# contents of the first tag inside the li, which is usually a p, code, or
# strong tag.
#
# The cmarkgfm or commonmark lib is used to transforms the input file into
# html.  Then, the html.parser is used as a state machine that lets us tweak
# the html and (optionally) output nroff data based on the html tags.
#
# If the string @USE_GFM_PARSER@ exists in the file, the string is removed and
# a github-flavored-markup parser is used to parse the file.
#
# The man-page .md files also get the vars @VERSION@, @BINDIR@, and @LIBDIR@
# substituted.  Some of these values depend on the Makefile $(prefix) (see the
# generated Makefile).  If the maintainer wants to build files for /usr/local
# while creating release-ready man-page files for /usr, use the environment to
# set RSYNC_OVERRIDE_PREFIX=/usr.

# Copyright (C) 2020 - 2021 Wayne Davison
#
# This program is freely redistributable.

import os, sys, re, argparse, subprocess, time
from html.parser import HTMLParser

VALID_PAGES = 'README INSTALL COPYING rsync.1 rrsync.1 rsync-ssl.1 rsyncd.conf.5'.split()

CONSUMES_TXT = set('h1 h2 h3 p li pre'.split())

HTML_START = """\
<html><head>
<title>%TITLE%</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto&family=Roboto+Mono&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
body {
  max-width: 50em;
  margin: auto;
}
body, b, strong, u {
  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
}
a.tgt { font-face: symbol; font-weight: 400; font-size: 70%; visibility: hidden; text-decoration: none; color: #ddd; padding: 0 4px; border: 0; }
a.tgt:after { content: '🔗'; }
a.tgt:hover { color: #444; background-color: #eaeaea; }
h1:hover > a.tgt, h2:hover > a.tgt, h3:hover > a.tgt, dt:hover > a.tgt { visibility: visible; }
code {
  font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace;
  font-weight: bold;
  white-space: pre;
}
pre code {
  display: block;
  font-weight: normal;
}
blockquote pre code {
  background: #f1f1f1;
}
dd p:first-of-type {
  margin-block-start: 0em;
}
</style>
</head><body>
"""

TABLE_STYLE = """\
table {
  border-color: grey;
  border-spacing: 0;
}
tr {
  border-top: 1px solid grey;
}
tr:nth-child(2n) {
  background-color: #f6f8fa;
}
th, td {
  border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
  text-align: center;
  padding-left: 1em;
  padding-right: 1em;
}
"""

MAN_HTML_END = """\
<div style="float: right"><p><i>%s</i></p></div>
"""

HTML_END = """\
</body></html>
"""

MAN_START = r"""
.TH "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "User Commands"
.\" prefix=%s
""".lstrip()

MAN_END = """\
"""

NORM_FONT = ('\1', r"\fP")
BOLD_FONT = ('\2', r"\fB")
UNDR_FONT = ('\3', r"\fI")
NBR_DASH = ('\4', r"\-")
NBR_SPACE = ('\xa0', r"\ ")

FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<fn>(?P<srcdir>.+/)?(?P<name>(?P<prog>[^/]+?)(\.(?P<sect>\d+))?)\.md)$')
ASSIGNMENT_RE = re.compile(r'^(\w+)=(.+)')
VER_RE = re.compile(r'^#define\s+RSYNC_VERSION\s+"(\d.+?)"', re.M)
TZ_RE = re.compile(r'^#define\s+MAINTAINER_TZ_OFFSET\s+(-?\d+(\.\d+)?)', re.M)
VAR_REF_RE = re.compile(r'\$\{(\w+)\}')
VERSION_RE = re.compile(r' (\d[.\d]+)[, ]')
BIN_CHARS_RE = re.compile(r'[\1-\7]+')
LONG_OPT_DASH_RE = re.compile(r'(--\w[-\w]+)')
SPACE_DOUBLE_DASH_RE = re.compile(r'\s--(\s)')
NON_SPACE_SINGLE_DASH_RE = re.compile(r'(^|\W)-')
WHITESPACE_RE = re.compile(r'\s')
CODE_BLOCK_RE = re.compile(r'[%s]([^=%s]+)[=%s]' % (BOLD_FONT[0], NORM_FONT[0], NORM_FONT[0]))
NBR_DASH_RE = re.compile(r'[%s]' % NBR_DASH[0])
INVALID_TARGET_CHARS_RE = re.compile(r'[^-A-Za-z0-9._]')
INVALID_START_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r'^([^A-Za-z0-9])')
MANIFY_LINESTART_RE = re.compile(r"^(['.])", flags=re.M)

md_parser = None
env_subs = { }

warning_count = 0

def main():
    for mdfn in args.mdfiles:
        parse_md_file(mdfn)

    if args.test:
        print("The test was successful.")


def parse_md_file(mdfn):
    fi = FILENAME_RE.match(mdfn)
    if not fi:
        die('Failed to parse a md input file name:', mdfn)
    fi = argparse.Namespace(**fi.groupdict())
    fi.want_manpage = not not fi.sect
    if fi.want_manpage:
        fi.title = fi.prog + '(' + fi.sect + ') manpage'
    else:
        fi.title = fi.prog + ' for rsync'

    if fi.want_manpage:
        if not env_subs:
            find_man_substitutions()
        prog_ver = 'rsync ' + env_subs['VERSION']
        if fi.prog != 'rsync':
            prog_ver = fi.prog + ' from ' + prog_ver
        fi.man_headings = (fi.prog, fi.sect, env_subs['date'], prog_ver, env_subs['prefix'])

    with open(mdfn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
        txt = fh.read()

    use_gfm_parser = '@USE_GFM_PARSER@' in txt
    if use_gfm_parser:
        txt = txt.replace('@USE_GFM_PARSER@', '')

    if fi.want_manpage:
        txt = (txt.replace('@VERSION@', env_subs['VERSION'])
                  .replace('@BINDIR@', env_subs['bindir'])
                  .replace('@LIBDIR@', env_subs['libdir']))

    if use_gfm_parser:
        if not gfm_parser:
            die('Input file requires cmarkgfm parser:', mdfn)
        fi.html_in = gfm_parser(txt)
    else:
        fi.html_in = md_parser(txt)
    txt = None

    TransformHtml(fi)

    if args.test:
        return

    output_list = [ (fi.name + '.html', fi.html_out) ]
    if fi.want_manpage:
        output_list += [ (fi.name, fi.man_out) ]
    for fn, txt in output_list:
        if args.dest and args.dest != '.':
            fn = os.path.join(args.dest, fn)
        if os.path.lexists(fn):
            os.unlink(fn)
        print("Wrote:", fn)
        with open(fn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
            fh.write(txt)


def find_man_substitutions():
    srcdir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]) + '/'
    mtime = 0

    git_dir = srcdir + '.git'
    if os.path.lexists(git_dir):
        mtime = int(subprocess.check_output(['git', '--git-dir', git_dir, 'log', '-1', '--format=%at']))

    # Allow "prefix" to be overridden via the environment:
    env_subs['prefix'] = os.environ.get('RSYNC_OVERRIDE_PREFIX', None)

    if args.test:
        env_subs['VERSION'] = '1.0.0'
        env_subs['bindir'] = '/usr/bin'
        env_subs['libdir'] = '/usr/lib/rsync'
        tz_offset = 0
    else:
        for fn in (srcdir + 'version.h', 'Makefile'):
            try:
                st = os.lstat(fn)
            except OSError:
                die('Failed to find', srcdir + fn)
            if not mtime:
                mtime = st.st_mtime

        with open(srcdir + 'version.h', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
            txt = fh.read()
        m = VER_RE.search(txt)
        env_subs['VERSION'] = m.group(1)
        m = TZ_RE.search(txt) # the tzdata lib may not be installed, so we use a simple hour offset
        tz_offset = float(m.group(1)) * 60 * 60

        with open('Makefile', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fh:
            for line in fh:
                m = ASSIGNMENT_RE.match(line)
                if not m:
                    continue
                var, val = (m.group(1), m.group(2))
                if var == 'prefix' and env_subs[var] is not None:
                    continue
                while VAR_REF_RE.search(val):
                    val = VAR_REF_RE.sub(lambda m: env_subs[m.group(1)], val)
                env_subs[var] = val
                if var == 'srcdir':
                    break

    env_subs['date'] = time.strftime('%d %b %Y', time.gmtime(mtime + tz_offset)).lstrip('0')

    if 'SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH' in os.environ:
        env_subs['date'] = time.strftime('%d %b %Y', time.gmtime(int(os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', time.time()))))


def html_via_commonmark(txt):
    return commonmark.HtmlRenderer().render(commonmark.Parser().parse(txt))


class TransformHtml(HTMLParser):
    def __init__(self, fi):
        HTMLParser.__init__(self, convert_charrefs=True)

        self.fn = fi.fn

        st = self.state = argparse.Namespace(
                list_state = [ ],
                p_macro = ".P\n",
                at_first_tag_in_li = False,
                at_first_tag_in_dd = False,
                dt_from = None,
                in_pre = False,
                in_code = False,
                html_out = [ HTML_START.replace('%TITLE%', fi.title) ],
                man_out = [ ],
                txt = '',
                want_manpage = fi.want_manpage,
                created_hashtags = set(),
                derived_hashtags = set(),
                referenced_hashtags = set(),
                bad_hashtags = set(),
                latest_targets = [ ],
                opt_prefix = 'opt',
                a_href = None,
                a_href_external = False,
                a_txt_start = None,
                after_a_tag = False,
                target_suf = '',
                )

        if st.want_manpage:
            st.man_out.append(MAN_START % fi.man_headings)

        if '</table>' in fi.html_in:
            st.html_out[0] = st.html_out[0].replace('</style>', TABLE_STYLE + '</style>')

        self.feed(fi.html_in)
        fi.html_in = None

        if st.want_manpage:
            st.html_out.append(MAN_HTML_END % env_subs['date'])
        st.html_out.append(HTML_END)
        st.man_out.append(MAN_END)

        fi.html_out = ''.join(st.html_out)
        st.html_out = None

        fi.man_out = ''.join(st.man_out)
        st.man_out = None

        for tgt, txt in st.derived_hashtags:
            derived = txt2target(txt, tgt)
            if derived not in st.created_hashtags:
                txt = BIN_CHARS_RE.sub('', txt.replace(NBR_DASH[0], '-').replace(NBR_SPACE[0], ' '))
                warn('Unknown derived hashtag link in', self.fn, 'based on:', (tgt, txt))

        for bad in st.bad_hashtags:
            if bad in st.created_hashtags:
                warn('Missing "#" in hashtag link in', self.fn + ':', bad)
            else:
                warn('Unknown non-hashtag link in', self.fn + ':', bad)

        for bad in st.referenced_hashtags - st.created_hashtags:
            warn('Unknown hashtag link in', self.fn + ':', '#' + bad)

    def handle_UE(self):
        st = self.state
        if st.txt.startswith(('.', ',', '!', '?', ';', ':')):
            st.man_out[-1] = ".UE " + st.txt[0] + "\n"
            st.txt = st.txt[1:]
        st.after_a_tag = False

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs_list):
        st = self.state
        if args.debug:
            self.output_debug('START', (tag, attrs_list))
        if st.at_first_tag_in_li:
            if st.list_state[-1] == 'dl':
                st.dt_from = tag
                if tag == 'p':
                    tag = 'dt'
                else:
                    st.html_out.append('<dt>')
            elif tag == 'p':
                st.at_first_tag_in_dd = True # Kluge to suppress a .P at the start of an li.
            st.at_first_tag_in_li = False
        if tag == 'p':
            if not st.at_first_tag_in_dd:
                st.man_out.append(st.p_macro)
        elif tag == 'li':
            st.at_first_tag_in_li = True
            lstate = st.list_state[-1]
            if lstate == 'dl':
                return
            if lstate == 'o':
                st.man_out.append(".IP o\n")
            else:
                st.man_out.append(".IP " + str(lstate) + ".\n")
                st.list_state[-1] += 1
        elif tag == 'blockquote':
            st.man_out.append(".RS 4\n")
        elif tag == 'pre':
            st.in_pre = True
            st.man_out.append(st.p_macro + ".nf\n")
        elif tag == 'code' and not st.in_pre:
            st.in_code = True
            st.txt += BOLD_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'strong' or tag == 'b':
            st.txt += BOLD_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'em' or  tag == 'i':
            if st.want_manpage:
                tag = 'u' # Change it into underline to be more like the manpage
                st.txt += UNDR_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'ol':
            start = 1
            for var, val in attrs_list:
                if var == 'start':
                    start = int(val) # We only support integers.
                    break
            if st.list_state:
                st.man_out.append(".RS\n")
            if start == 0:
                tag = 'dl'
                attrs_list = [ ]
                st.list_state.append('dl')
            else:
                st.list_state.append(start)
            st.man_out.append(st.p_macro)
            st.p_macro = ".IP\n"
        elif tag == 'ul':
            st.man_out.append(st.p_macro)
            if st.list_state:
                st.man_out.append(".RS\n")
                st.p_macro = ".IP\n"
            st.list_state.append('o')
        elif tag == 'hr':
            st.man_out.append(".l\n")
            st.html_out.append("<hr />")
            return
        elif tag == 'a':
            st.a_href = None
            for var, val in attrs_list:
                if var == 'href':
                    if val.startswith(('https://', 'http://', 'mailto:', 'ftp:')):
                        if st.after_a_tag:
                            self.handle_UE()
                        st.man_out.append(manify(st.txt.strip()) + "\n")
                        st.man_out.append(".UR " + val + "\n")
                        st.txt = ''
                        st.a_href = val
                        st.a_href_external = True
                    elif '#' in val:
                        pg, tgt = val.split('#', 1)
                        if pg and pg not in VALID_PAGES or '#' in tgt:
                            st.bad_hashtags.add(val)
                        elif tgt in ('', 'opt', 'dopt'):
                            st.a_href = val
                            st.a_href_external = False
                        elif pg == '':
                            st.referenced_hashtags.add(tgt)
                            if tgt in st.latest_targets:
                                warn('Found link to the current section in', self.fn + ':', val)
                    elif val not in VALID_PAGES:
                        st.bad_hashtags.add(val)
            st.a_txt_start = len(st.txt)
        st.html_out.append('<' + tag + ''.join(' ' + var + '="' + htmlify(val) + '"' for var, val in attrs_list) + '>')
        st.at_first_tag_in_dd = False


    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        st = self.state
        if args.debug:
            self.output_debug('END', (tag,))
        if st.after_a_tag:
            self.handle_UE()
        if tag in CONSUMES_TXT or st.dt_from == tag:
            txt = st.txt.strip()
            st.txt = ''
        else:
            txt = None
        add_to_txt = None
        if tag == 'h1':
            tgt = txt
            target_suf = ''
            if tgt.startswith('NEWS for '):
                m = VERSION_RE.search(tgt)
                if m:
                    tgt = m.group(1)
                    st.target_suf = '-' + tgt
            self.add_targets(tag, tgt)
        elif tag == 'h2':
            st.man_out.append(st.p_macro + '.SH "' + manify(txt) + '"\n')
            self.add_targets(tag, txt, st.target_suf)
            st.opt_prefix = 'dopt' if txt == 'DAEMON OPTIONS' else 'opt'
        elif tag == 'h3':
            st.man_out.append(st.p_macro + '.SS "' + manify(txt) + '"\n')
            self.add_targets(tag, txt, st.target_suf)
        elif tag == 'p':
            if st.dt_from == 'p':
                tag = 'dt'
                st.man_out.append('.IP "' + manify(txt) + '"\n')
                if txt.startswith(BOLD_FONT[0]):
                    self.add_targets(tag, txt)
                st.dt_from = None
            elif txt != '':
                st.man_out.append(manify(txt) + "\n")
        elif tag == 'li':
            if st.list_state[-1] == 'dl':
                if st.at_first_tag_in_li:
                    die("Invalid 0. -> td translation")
                tag = 'dd'
            if txt != '':
                st.man_out.append(manify(txt) + "\n")
            st.at_first_tag_in_li = False
        elif tag == 'blockquote':
            st.man_out.append(".RE\n")
        elif tag == 'pre':
            st.in_pre = False
            st.man_out.append(manify(txt) + "\n.fi\n")
        elif (tag == 'code' and not st.in_pre):
            st.in_code = False
            add_to_txt = NORM_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'strong' or tag == 'b':
            add_to_txt = NORM_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'em' or  tag == 'i':
            if st.want_manpage:
                tag = 'u' # Change it into underline to be more like the manpage
                add_to_txt = NORM_FONT[0]
        elif tag == 'ol' or tag == 'ul':
            if st.list_state.pop() == 'dl':
                tag = 'dl'
            if st.list_state:
                st.man_out.append(".RE\n")
            else:
                st.p_macro = ".P\n"
            st.at_first_tag_in_dd = False
        elif tag == 'hr':
            return
        elif tag == 'a':
            if st.a_href_external:
                st.txt = st.txt.strip()
                if args.force_link_text or st.a_href != st.txt:
                    st.man_out.append(manify(st.txt) + "\n")
                st.man_out.append(".UE\n") # This might get replaced with a punctuation version in handle_UE()
                st.after_a_tag = True
                st.a_href_external = False
                st.txt = ''
            elif st.a_href:
                atxt = st.txt[st.a_txt_start:]
                find = 'href="' + st.a_href + '"'
                for j in range(len(st.html_out)-1, 0, -1):
                    if find in st.html_out[j]:
                        pg, tgt = st.a_href.split('#', 1)
                        derived = txt2target(atxt, tgt)
                        if pg == '':
                            if derived in st.latest_targets:
                                warn('Found link to the current section in', self.fn + ':', st.a_href)
                            st.derived_hashtags.add((tgt, atxt))
                        st.html_out[j] = st.html_out[j].replace(find, 'href="' + pg + '#' + derived + '"')
                        break
                else:
                    die('INTERNAL ERROR: failed to find href in html data:', find)
        st.html_out.append('</' + tag + '>')
        if add_to_txt:
            if txt is None:
                st.txt += add_to_txt
            else:
                txt += add_to_txt
        if st.dt_from == tag:
            st.man_out.append('.IP "' + manify(txt) + '"\n')
            st.html_out.append('</dt><dd>')
            st.at_first_tag_in_dd = True
            st.dt_from = None
        elif tag == 'dt':
            st.html_out.append('<dd>')
            st.at_first_tag_in_dd = True


    def handle_data(self, txt):
        st = self.state
        if '](' in txt:
            warn('Malformed link in', self.fn + ':', txt)
        if args.debug:
            self.output_debug('DATA', (txt,))
        if st.in_pre:
            html = htmlify(txt)
        else:
            txt = LONG_OPT_DASH_RE.sub(lambda x: x.group(1).replace('-', NBR_DASH[0]), txt)
            txt = SPACE_DOUBLE_DASH_RE.sub(NBR_SPACE[0] + r'--\1', txt).replace('--', NBR_DASH[0]*2)
            txt = NON_SPACE_SINGLE_DASH_RE.sub(r'\1' + NBR_DASH[0], txt)
            html = htmlify(txt)
            if st.in_code:
                txt = WHITESPACE_RE.sub(NBR_SPACE[0], txt)
                html = html.replace(NBR_DASH[0], '-').replace(NBR_SPACE[0], ' ') # <code> is non-breaking in CSS
        st.html_out.append(html.replace(NBR_SPACE[0], '&nbsp;').replace(NBR_DASH[0], '-&#8288;'))
        st.txt += txt


    def add_targets(self, tag, txt, suf=None):
        st = self.state
        tag = '<' + tag + '>'
        targets = CODE_BLOCK_RE.findall(txt)
        if not targets:
            targets = [ txt ]
        tag_pos = 0
        for txt in targets:
            txt = txt2target(txt, st.opt_prefix)
            if not txt:
                continue
            if suf:
                txt += suf
            if txt in st.created_hashtags:
                for j in range(2, 1000):
                    chk = txt + '-' + str(j)
                    if chk not in st.created_hashtags:
                        print('Made link target unique:', chk)
                        txt = chk
                        break
            if tag_pos == 0:
                tag_pos -= 1
                while st.html_out[tag_pos] != tag:
                    tag_pos -= 1
                st.html_out[tag_pos] = tag[:-1] + ' id="' + txt + '">'
                st.html_out.append('<a href="#' + txt + '" class="tgt"></a>')
                tag_pos -= 1 # take into account the append
            else:
                st.html_out[tag_pos] = '<span id="' + txt + '"></span>' + st.html_out[tag_pos]
            st.created_hashtags.add(txt)
        st.latest_targets = targets


    def output_debug(self, event, extra):
        import pprint
        st = self.state
        if args.debug < 2:
            st = argparse.Namespace(**vars(st))
            if len(st.html_out) > 2:
                st.html_out = ['...'] + st.html_out[-2:]
            if len(st.man_out) > 2:
                st.man_out = ['...'] + st.man_out[-2:]
        print(event, extra)
        pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2).pprint(vars(st))


def txt2target(txt, opt_prefix):
    txt = txt.strip().rstrip(':')
    m = CODE_BLOCK_RE.search(txt)
    if m:
        txt = m.group(1)
    txt = NBR_DASH_RE.sub('-', txt)
    txt = BIN_CHARS_RE.sub('', txt)
    txt = INVALID_TARGET_CHARS_RE.sub('_', txt)
    if opt_prefix and txt.startswith('-'):
        txt = opt_prefix + txt
    else:
        txt = INVALID_START_CHAR_RE.sub(r't\1', txt)
    return txt


def manify(txt):
    return MANIFY_LINESTART_RE.sub(r'\&\1', txt.replace('\\', '\\\\')
            .replace(NBR_SPACE[0], NBR_SPACE[1])
            .replace(NBR_DASH[0], NBR_DASH[1])
            .replace(NORM_FONT[0], NORM_FONT[1])
            .replace(BOLD_FONT[0], BOLD_FONT[1])
            .replace(UNDR_FONT[0], UNDR_FONT[1]))


def htmlify(txt):
    return txt.replace('&', '&amp;').replace('<', '&lt;').replace('>', '&gt;').replace('"', '&quot;')


def warn(*msg):
    print(*msg, file=sys.stderr)
    global warning_count
    warning_count += 1


def die(*msg):
    warn(*msg)
    sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Convert markdown into html and (optionally) nroff. Each input filename must have a .md suffix, which is changed to .html for the output filename. If the input filename ends with .num.md (e.g. foo.1.md) then a nroff file is also output with the input filename's .md suffix removed (e.g. foo.1).", add_help=False)
    parser.add_argument('--test', action='store_true', help="Just test the parsing without outputting any files.")
    parser.add_argument('--dest', metavar='DIR', help="Create files in DIR instead of the current directory.")
    parser.add_argument('--force-link-text', action='store_true', help="Don't remove the link text if it matches the link href. Useful when nroff doesn't understand .UR and .UE.")
    parser.add_argument('--debug', '-D', action='count', default=0, help='Output copious info on the html parsing. Repeat for even more.')
    parser.add_argument("--help", "-h", action="help", help="Output this help message and exit.")
    parser.add_argument("mdfiles", metavar='FILE.md', nargs='+', help="One or more .md files to convert.")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    try:
        import cmarkgfm
        md_parser = cmarkgfm.markdown_to_html
        gfm_parser = cmarkgfm.github_flavored_markdown_to_html
    except:
        try:
            import commonmark
            md_parser = html_via_commonmark
        except:
            die("Failed to find cmarkgfm or commonmark for python3.")
        gfm_parser = None

    main()
    if warning_count:
        sys.exit(1)
