=pod

=head1 NAME

EVP_SIGNATURE-ML-DSA,
EVP_SIGNATURE-ML-DSA-44, EVP_SIGNATURE-ML-DSA-65, EVP_SIGNATURE-ML-DSA-87
- The EVP_PKEY B<ML-DSA> signature implementations

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The B<ML-DSA-44>, B<ML-DSA-65> and B<ML-DSA-87> EVP_PKEY implementations
support key generation, and one-shot sign and verify using the ML-DSA
signature schemes described in L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final>.

The different algorithms names correspond to the parameter sets defined in
L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final> Section 4 Table 1.
(The signatures range in size from ~2.5K to ~4.5K depending on the type chosen).
There are 3 different security categories also depending on the type.

L<EVP_SIGNATURE_fetch(3)> can be used to explicitly fetch one of the 3
algorithms which can then be used with L<EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init(3)>,
L<EVP_PKEY_sign(3)>, L<EVP_PKEY_verify_message_init(3)>, and
L<EVP_PKEY_verify(3)> to perform one-shot message signing or signature verification.

The normal signing process (called Pure ML-DSA Signature Generation)
encodes the message internally as 0x00 || len(ctx) || ctx || message.
where B<ctx> is some optional value of size 0x00..0xFF.  This process is
defined in L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final> Algorithm 2
step 10 and Algorithm 3 step 5.
OpenSSL also allows the message to not be encoded which is required for
testing. OpenSSL does not support Pre Hash ML-DSA Signature Generation, but this
may be done by the user by doing Pre hash encoding externally and then choosing
the option to not encode the message.

=head2 ML-DSA Signature Parameters

The following parameter can be used for both signing and verification.
it may be set by passing an OSSL_PARAM array to L<EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init(3)>
or L<EVP_PKEY_verify_message_init(3)>

=over 4

=item "context-string" (B<OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_CONTEXT_STRING>) <octet string>

A string of octets with length at most 255. By default it is the empty string.

=back

The following parameters can be used when signing:
They can be set by passing an OSSL_PARAM array to L<EVP_PKEY_sign_init_ex2(3)>.

=over 4

=item "message-encoding" (B<OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MESSAGE_ENCODING>) <integer>

The default value of 1 uses 'Pure ML-DSA Signature Generation' as described
above. Setting it to 0 does not encode the message, which is used for testing.
The message encoding steps are defined in
L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final> Algorithm 2 step 10 and
Algorithm 3 step 5.

=item "test-entropy" (B<OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_TEST_ENTROPY>) <octet string>

Used for testing to pass an optional deterministic per message random value.
If set the size must be 32 bytes.

=item "deterministic" (B<OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_DETERMINISTIC>) <integer>

The default value of 0 causes the per message randomness to be randomly
generated using a DRBG. Setting this to a nonzero value causes the per message
randomness to be set to 32 bytes of zeros. This value is ignored
if "test-entropy" is provided.

=item "mu" (B<OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU>) <integer>

The default value of 0 causes sign and verify operations to process a raw message.
Setting this to a nonzero value causes those operations to assume the input is
the C<mu> value from
L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final> Algorithm 7 step 6 and Algorithm 8 step 7.

Note that the message encoding steps from
L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final> Algorithm 2 step 10 and
Algorithm 3 step 5 are omitted when this setting is nonzero.

See L<EVP_MD-ML-DSA-MU(7)> for more information on generating an
external-mu value.

The "context-string" is ignored if this value is nonzero.

=back

See L<EVP_PKEY-ML-DSA(7)> for information related to B<ML-DSA> keys.

=head1 NOTES

For backwards compatibility reasons EVP_DigestSignInit_ex(), EVP_DigestSign(),
EVP_DigestVerifyInit_ex() and EVP_DigestVerify() may also be used, but the digest
passed in I<mdname> must be NULL.

=head1 EXAMPLES

To sign a message using an ML-DSA EVP_PKEY structure:

    void do_sign(EVP_PKEY *key, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msg_len)
    {
        size_t sig_len;
        unsigned char *sig = NULL;
        OSSL_PARAM params[2];
        EVP_PKEY_CTX *sctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(NULL, pkey, NULL);
        EVP_SIGNATURE *sig_alg = EVP_SIGNATURE_fetch(NULL, "ML-DSA-65", NULL);

        /* The context string is an optional parameter */
        params[0] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_octet_string(OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_CONTEXT_STRING, (unsigned char *)"A context string", 16),
        params[1] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();
        EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init(sctx, sig_alg, params);
        /* Calculate the required size for the signature by passing a NULL buffer. */
        EVP_PKEY_sign(sctx, NULL, &sig_len, msg, msg_len);
        sig = OPENSSL_zalloc(sig_len);
        EVP_PKEY_sign(sctx, sig, &sig_len, msg, msg_len);
        ...
        OPENSSL_free(sig);
        EVP_SIGNATURE_free(sig_alg);
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(sctx);
    }

To sign a message using an ML-DSA EVP_PKEY structure and an external mu:

    void do_sign(EVP_PKEY *key, const unsigned char mu[64])
    {
        int use_mu_instead_of_msg = 1;
        size_t sig_len;
        unsigned char *sig = NULL;
        OSSL_PARAM params[2];
        EVP_PKEY_CTX *sctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_pkey(NULL, pkey, NULL);
        EVP_SIGNATURE *sig_alg = EVP_SIGNATURE_fetch(NULL, "ML-DSA-65", NULL);

        params[0] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_int(OSSL_SIGNATURE_PARAM_MU, &use_mu_instead_of_msg);
        params[1] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();

        EVP_PKEY_sign_message_init(sctx, sig_alg, params);
        /* Calculate the required size for the signature by passing a NULL buffer. */
        EVP_PKEY_sign(sctx, NULL, &sig_len, mu, 64);
        sig = OPENSSL_malloc(sig_len);
        EVP_PKEY_sign(sctx, sig, &sig_len, mu, 64);
        ...
        OPENSSL_free(sig);
        EVP_SIGNATURE_free(sig_alg);
        EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(sctx);
    }

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<EVP_PKEY-ML-DSA(7)>,
L<EVP_MD-ML-DSA-MU(7)>,
L<provider-signature(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY_sign(3)>,
L<EVP_PKEY_verify(3)>,
L<FIPS 204|https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final>

=head1 HISTORY

This functionality was added in OpenSSL 3.5.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2025-2026 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

=cut
