


READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


NAME
       readline - get a line from a user with editing

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <readline.h>
       #include <history.h>

       char *readline (prompt)
       char *prompt;

COPYRIGHT
       Readline  is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996 by
       the Free Software Foundation, Inc.

DESCRIPTION
       readline will read a line from the terminal and return it,
       using prompt as a prompt.  If prompt is null, no prompt is
       issued.  The line returned is allocated with malloc(3), so
       the  caller must free it when finished.  The line returned
       has the final newline removed, so only  the  text  of  the
       line remains.

       readline  offers  editing  capabilities  while the user is
       entering the line.  By default, the line editing  commands
       are  similar  to  those of emacs.  A vi-style line editing
       interface is also available.

RETURN VALUE
       readline returns the text of the line read.  A blank  line
       returns  the  empty  string.   If EOF is encountered while
       reading a line, and the line is empty, NULL  is  returned.
       If  an EOF is read with a non-empty line, it is treated as
       a newline.

NOTATION
       An emacs-style notation  is  used  to  denote  keystrokes.
       Control  keys  are  denoted by C-key, e.g., C-n means Con-
       trol-N.  Similarly, meta keys are denoted by M-key, so M-x
       means Meta-X.  (On keyboards without a meta key, M-_x means
       ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the  _x  key.   This
       makes  ESC  the  meta prefix.  The combination M-C-_x means
       ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the  Con-
       trol key while pressing the _x key.)

       Readline  commands  may  be given numeric arguments, which
       normally act as a repeat count.  Sometimes, however, it is
       the  sign  of the argument that is significant.  Passing a
       negative argument to a command that acts  in  the  forward
       direction  (e.g., kill-line) causes that command to act in
       a backward direction.  Commands whose behavior with  argu-
       ments deviates from this are noted.

       When  a  command  is  described  as killing text, the text



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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       deleted is saved for possible future retrieval  (yanking).
       The  killed  text  is  saved  in a kill ring.  Consecutive
       kills cause the text to  be  accumulated  into  one  unit,
       which  can  be  yanked all at once.  Commands which do not
       kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.

INITIALIZATION FILE
       Readline is customized by putting commands in an  initial-
       ization file (the inputrc file).  The name of this file is
       taken from the value of the INPUTRC environment  variable.
       If  that  variable  is  unset,  the default is ~/.inputrc.
       When a program which uses the readline library starts  up,
       the  init file is read, and the key bindings and variables
       are set.  There are only a few basic constructs allowed in
       the  readline  init file.  Blank lines are ignored.  Lines
       beginning with a ## are comments.  Lines beginning with a $$
       indicate  conditional  constructs.  Other lines denote key
       bindings and variable settings.  Each program  using  this
       library may add its own commands and bindings.

       For example, placing

              M-Control-u: universal-argument
       or
              C-Meta-u: universal-argument
       into  the  inputrc  would  make M-C-u execute the readline
       command universal-argument.

       The following  symbolic  character  names  are  recognized
       while processing key bindings: RUBOUT, DEL, ESC, LFD, NEW-
       LINE, RET, RETURN, SPC, SPACE, and TAB.   In  addition  to
       command  names,  readline  allows  keys  to  be bound to a
       string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a macro).


   Key Bindings
       The  syntax  for  controlling  key bindings in the inputrc
       file is simple.  All that is required is the name  of  the
       command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which
       it should be bound. The name may be specified  in  one  of
       two  ways:  as a symbolic key name, possibly with Meta- or
       Control- prefixes, or as a key sequence.  When  using  the
       form  keyname:function-name  or macro, keyname is the name
       of a key spelled out in English.  For example:

              Control-u: universal-argument
              Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
              Control-o: ">&output"

       In the above example, C-u is bound to the function univer-
       sal-argument,   M-DEL  is  bound  to  the  function  back-
       ward-kill-word,  and  C-o  is  bound  to  run  the   macro
       expressed  on  the right hand side (that is, to insert the
       text >&output into the line).



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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       In the second form, "keyseq":function-name or macro,  key-
       seq differs from keyname above in that strings denoting an
       entire key  sequence  may  be  specified  by  placing  the
       sequence  within  double quotes.  Some GNU Emacs style key
       escapes can be used, as in the following example.

              "\C-u": universal-argument
              "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
              "\e[11~": "Function Key 1"

       In this example, C-u is again bound to the  function  uni-
       versal-argument.    C-x  C-r  is  bound  to  the  function
       re-read-init-file, and ESC _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert  the
       text  Function  Key  11.   The  full set of GNU Emacs style
       escape sequences is
              \C-    control prefix
              \M-    meta prefix
              \e     an escape character
              \\\\     backslash
              \\""     literal "
              \\''     literal '

       In addition to the GNU Emacs  style  escape  sequences,  a
       second set of backslash escapes is available:
              \a     alert (bell)
              \b     backspace
              \d     delete
              \f     form feed
              \n     newline
              \r     carriage return
              \t     horizontal tab
              \v     vertical tab
              \\nnn   the  character whose ASCII code is the octal
                     value nnn (one to three digits)
              \\xxnnn  the character whose ASCII code is  the  hex-
                     adecimal value nnn (one to three digits)

       When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes
       should be used to indicate a macro  definition.   Unquoted
       text is assumed to be a function name.  In the macro body,
       the backslash escapes described above are expanded.  Back-
       slash  will  quote  any other character in the macro text,
       including " and '.

       Bash allows the current readline key bindings to  be  dis-
       played  or  modified  with  the bind builtin command.  The
       editing mode may be switched  during  interactive  use  by
       using  the  -o  option  to the set builtin command.  Other
       programs using this library  provide  similar  mechanisms.
       The  inputrc  file  may be edited and re-read if a program
       does not provide any other means to incorporate new  bind-
       ings.





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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


   Variables
       Readline  has  variables  that can be used to further cus-
       tomize its behavior.  A variable may be set in the inputrc
       file with a statement of the form

              set variable-name value

       Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
       On or Off.  The variables and their default values are:

       bell-style (audible)
              Controls what happens when readline wants  to  ring
              the  terminal bell.  If set to none, readline never
              rings the bell.  If set to visible, readline uses a
              visible  bell if one is available.  If set to audi-
              ble, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
       comment-begin ((````##''''))
              The  string  that  is  inserted in vi mode when the
              insert-comment command is executed.   This  command
              is  bound  to M-# in emacs mode and to ## in vi com-
              mand mode.
       completion-ignore-case (Off)
              If set to On, readline performs  filename  matching
              and completion in a case-insensitive fashion.
       completion-query-items ((110000))
              This  determines  when  the  user  is queried about
              viewing the number of possible  completions  gener-
              ated  by  the possible-completions command.  It may
              be set to any integer value greater than  or  equal
              to  zero.  If the number of possible completions is
              greater than or equal to the value  of  this  vari-
              able, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to
              view them; otherwise they are simply listed on  the
              terminal.
       convert-meta (On)
              If set to On, readline will convert characters with
              the eighth bit set to  an  ASCII  key  sequence  by
              stripping  the  eighth bit and prepending an escape
              character (in effect, using escape as the meta pre-
              fix).
       disable-completion (Off)
              If  set  to  On, readline will inhibit word comple-
              tion.  Completion characters will be inserted  into
              the line as if they had been mapped to self-insert.
       editing-mode (emacs)
              Controls whether readline begins with a set of  key
              bindings  similar to emacs or vi.  editing-mode can
              be set to either emacs or vi.
       enable-keypad (Off)
              When set to On, readline will  try  to  enable  the
              application keypad when it is called.  Some systems
              need this to enable the arrow keys.
       expand-tilde (Off)
              If set to on, tilde  expansion  is  performed  when



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                          4





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


              readline attempts word completion.
       horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)
              When  set  to  On, makes readline use a single line
              for display, scrolling the input horizontally on  a
              single  screen line when it becomes longer than the
              screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
       input-meta (Off)
              If set to On, readline will enable eight-bit  input
              (that  is,  it will not strip the high bit from the
              characters it reads), regardless of what the termi-
              nal claims it can support.  The name meta-flag is a
              synonym for this variable.
       isearch-terminators (``C-[C-J'')
              The string of characters that should  terminate  an
              incremental  search  without subsequently executing
              the character as a command.  If this  variable  has
              not  been given a value, the characters ESC and C-J
              will terminate an incremental search.
       keymap (emacs)
              Set the current readline keymap.  The set of  legal
              keymap  names is emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta,
              emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert.
              vi is equivalent to vi-command; emacs is equivalent
              to emacs-standard.  The default value is emacs; the
              value  of  editing-mode  also  affects  the default
              keymap.
       mark-directories (On)
              If set to On, complete<d  directory  names  have  a
              slash appended.
       mark-modified-lines (Off)
              If set to On, history lines that have been modified
              are displayed with a preceding asterisk (**).
       output-meta (Off)
              If set to On, readline will display characters with
              the  eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-
              prefixed escape sequence.
       print-completions-horizontally (Off)
              If set to On,  readline  will  display  completions
              with  matches  sorted  horizontally in alphabetical
              order, rather than down the screen.
       show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)
              This alters the default behavior of the  completion
              functions.   If  set  to  on, words which have more
              than one possible completion cause the  matches  to
              be  listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
       visible-stats (Off)
              If set to On, a character denoting a file's type as
              reported  by  stat(2)  is  appended to the filename
              when listing possible completions.

   Conditional Constructs
       Readline implements a facility similar in  spirit  to  the
       conditional  compilation  features  of  the C preprocessor
       which allows key bindings  and  variable  settings  to  be



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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       performed  as  the result of tests.  There are four parser
       directives used.

       $if    The $if construct allows bindings to be made  based
              on  the  editing  mode, the terminal being used, or
              the application using readline.  The  text  of  the
              test  extends to the end of the line; no characters
              are required to isolate it.

              mode   The mode= form of the $if directive is  used
                     to  test  whether readline is in emacs or vi
                     mode.  This may be used in conjunction  with
                     the set keymap command, for instance, to set
                     bindings in the  emacs-standard  and  emacs-
                     ctlx  keymaps  only  if readline is starting
                     out in emacs mode.

              term   The term= form may be used to include termi-
                     nal-specific  key  bindings, perhaps to bind
                     the key sequences output by  the  terminal's
                     function  keys.   The word on the right side
                     of the == is tested against the full name  of
                     the terminal and the portion of the terminal
                     name before the first --.  This allows sun to
                     match both sun and sun-cmd, for instance.

              application
                     The application construct is used to include
                     application-specific settings.  Each program
                     using the readline library sets the applica-
                     tion name, and an  initialization  file  can
                     test  for a particular value.  This could be
                     used to bind key sequences to functions use-
                     ful  for  a specific program.  For instance,
                     the following command adds  a  key  sequence
                     that  quotes the current or previous word in
                     Bash:

                     $if bash
                     # Quote the current or previous word
                     "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
                     $endif

       $endif This command, as seen in the previous example, ter-
              minates an $if command.

       $else  Commands  in  this  branch of the $if directive are
              executed if the test fails.

       $include
              This directive takes a single filename as an  argu-
              ment  and  reads  commands  and  bindings from that
              file.  For example, the following  directive  would
              read /etc/inputrc:



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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


              $include  /etc/inputrc

SEARCHING
       Readline  provides commands for searching through the com-
       mand history for  lines  containing  a  specified  string.
       There  are two search modes: incremental and non-incremen-
       tal.

       Incremental searches begin before the  user  has  finished
       typing the search string.  As each character of the search
       string is typed, readline displays the next entry from the
       history  matching the string typed so far.  An incremental
       search requires only as many characters as needed to  find
       the  desired history entry.  The characters present in the
       value of the isearch-terminators variable are used to ter-
       minate  an  incremental  search.  If that variable has not
       been assigned a value the Escape and Control-J  characters
       will  terminate  an  incremental  search.   Control-G will
       abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
       When  the search is terminated, the history entry contain-
       ing the search string becomes the current line.   To  find
       other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S
       or Control-R as appropriate.  This will search backward or
       forward  in  the  history  for  the next line matching the
       search string typed so far.  Any other key sequence  bound
       to  a  readline command will terminate the search and exe-
       cute that command.  For instance, a newline will terminate
       the search and accept the line, thereby executing the com-
       mand from the history list.

       Non-incremental searches read  the  entire  search  string
       before starting to search for matching history lines.  The
       search string may be typed by the user or be part  of  the
       contents of the current line.

EDITING COMMANDS
       The  following  is a list of the names of the commands and
       the default key sequences to which they are  bound.   Com-
       mand  names  without  an  accompanying  key  sequence  are
       unbound by default.

   Commands for Moving
       beginning-of-line (C-a)
              Move to the start of the current line.
       end-of-line (C-e)
              Move to the end of the line.
       forward-char (C-f)
              Move forward a character.
       backward-char (C-b)
              Move back a character.
       forward-word (M-f)
              Move forward to the end of the  next  word.   Words
              are  composed  of  alphanumeric characters (letters
              and digits).



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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       backward-word (M-b)
              Move back to the start of this,  or  the  previous,
              word.   Words  are composed of alphanumeric charac-
              ters (letters and digits).
       clear-screen (C-l)
              Clear the screen leaving the current  line  at  the
              top  of  the screen.  With an argument, refresh the
              current line without clearing the screen.
       redraw-current-line
              Refresh the current line.

   Commands for Manipulating the History
       accept-line (Newline, Return)
              Accept the line regardless of where the cursor  is.
              If  this  line  is non-empty, add it to the history
              list. If the line is a modified history line,  then
              restore the history line to its original state.
       previous-history (C-p)
              Fetch  the  previous command from the history list,
              moving back in the list.
       next-history (C-n)
              Fetch the next command from the history list,  mov-
              ing forward in the list.
       beginning-of-history (M-<)
              Move to the first line in the history.
       end-of-history (M->)
              Move  to  the  end  of the input history, i.e., the
              line currently being entered.
       reverse-search-history (C-r)
              Search backward starting at the  current  line  and
              moving `up' through the history as necessary.  This
              is an incremental search.
       forward-search-history (C-s)
              Search forward starting at  the  current  line  and
              moving  `down'  through  the  history as necessary.
              This is an incremental search.
       non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)
              Search backward through the history starting at the
              current  line  using a non-incremental search for a
              string supplied by the user.
       non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)
              Search forward through the  history  using  a  non-
              incremental  search  for  a  string supplied by the
              user.
       history-search-forward
              Search forward through the history for  the  string
              of characters between the start of the current line
              and the current cursor position (the point).   This
              is a non-incremental search.
       history-search-backward
              Search  backward through the history for the string
              of characters between the start of the current line
              and the point.  This is a non-incremental search.




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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)
              Insert  the  first argument to the previous command
              (usually the second word on the previous  line)  at
              point (the current cursor position).  With an argu-
              ment _n, insert the _nth word from the previous  com-
              mand  (the words in the previous command begin with
              word 0).  A negative argument inserts the _nth  word
              from the end of the previous command.
       yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)
              Insert  the  last  argument to the previous command
              (the last word  of  the  previous  history  entry).
              With an argument, behave exactly like yank-nth-arg.
              Successive calls to yank-last-arg move back through
              the  history  list,  inserting the last argument of
              each line in turn.

   Commands for Changing Text
       delete-char (C-d)
              Delete the character under the cursor.  If point is
              at  the beginning of the line, there are no charac-
              ters in the line, and the last character typed  was
              not bound to Bdelete-char, then return EOF.
       backward-delete-char (Rubout)
              Delete the character behind the cursor.  When given
              a numeric argument, save the deleted  text  on  the
              kill ring.
       forward-backward-delete-char
              Delete  the  character under the cursor, unless the
              cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the
              character   behind   the  cursor  is  deleted.   By
              default, this is not bound to a key.
       quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)
              Add the next character that you type  to  the  line
              verbatim.   This  is  how to insert characters like
              C-q, for example.
       tab-insert (M-TAB)
              Insert a tab character.
       self-insert (a, b, A, 11,, !!,, ......))
              Insert the character typed.
       transpose-chars (C-t)
              Drag the character before point  forward  over  the
              character  at  point.  Point moves forward as well.
              If point is at the end of the line, then  transpose
              the  two  characters  before point.  Negative argu-
              ments don't work.
       transpose-words (M-t)
              Drag the word behind the cursor past  the  word  in
              front  of  the  cursor  moving the cursor over that
              word as well.
       upcase-word (M-u)
              Uppercase the current (or following) word.  With  a
              negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but
              do not move point.




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READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       downcase-word (M-l)
              Lowercase the current (or following) word.  With  a
              negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but
              do not move point.
       capitalize-word (M-c)
              Capitalize the current (or following) word.  With a
              negative  argument,  capitalize  the previous word,
              but do not move point.

   Killing and Yanking
       kill-line (C-k)
              Kill the text from the current cursor  position  to
              the end of the line.
       backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)
              Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
       unix-line-discard (C-u)
              Kill  backward  from  point to the beginning of the
              line.  The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
       kill-whole-line
              Kill all characters on the current line, no  matter
              where the cursor is.
       kill-word (M-d)
              Kill  from  the  cursor  to  the end of the current
              word, or if between words, to the end of  the  next
              word.   Word  boundaries are the same as those used
              by forward-word.
       backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)
              Kill the word behind the cursor.   Word  boundaries
              are the same as those used by backward-word.
       unix-word-rubout (C-w)
              Kill  the word behind the cursor, using white space
              as a word boundary.  The word boundaries  are  dif-
              ferent from backward-kill-word.
       delete-horizontal-space (M-\)
              Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
       kill-region
              Kill  the  text  between  the point and mark (saved
              cursor position).  This text is referred to as  the
              region.
       copy-region-as-kill
              Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
       copy-backward-word
              Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.  The
              word boundaries are the same as backward-word.
       copy-forward-word
              Copy the word following point to the  kill  buffer.
              The word boundaries are the same as forward-word.
       yank (C-y)
              Yank  the  top  of the kill ring into the buffer at
              the cursor.
       yank-pop (M-y)
              Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new  top.   Only
              works following yank or yank-pop.




GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         10





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


   Numeric Arguments
       digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ......,, M--)
              Add  this  digit to the argument already accumulat-
              ing, or start a new argument.  M-- starts  a  nega-
              tive argument.
       universal-argument
              This  is  another  way  to specify an argument.  If
              this command is followed by  one  or  more  digits,
              optionally  with a leading minus sign, those digits
              define the argument.  If the command is followed by
              digits, executing universal-argument again ends the
              numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.   As  a
              special  case,  if this command is immediately fol-
              lowed by a character that is  neither  a  digit  or
              minus sign, the argument count for the next command
              is multiplied by four.  The argument count is  ini-
              tially  one,  so  executing this function the first
              time makes the argument count four, a  second  time
              makes the argument count sixteen, and so on.

   Completing
       complete (TAB)
              Attempt  to  perform  completion on the text before
              point.  The actual completion performed is applica-
              tion-specific.   Bash,  for instance, attempts com-
              pletion treating the text as  a  variable  (if  the
              text  begins  with $$), username (if the text begins
              with ~~), hostname (if the text begins with  @@),  or
              command  (including aliases and functions) in turn.
              If none of these produces a match, filename comple-
              tion  is attempted.  Gdb, on the other hand, allows
              completion of program functions and variables,  and
              only  attempts  filename  completion  under certain
              circumstances.
       possible-completions (M-?)
              List the possible completions of  the  text  before
              point.
       insert-completions (M-*)
              Insert  all  completions  of  the text before point
              that would have been generated by  possible-comple-
              tions.
       menu-complete
              Similar  to  complete,  but replaces the word to be
              completed with a single match from the list of pos-
              sible completions.  Repeated execution of menu-com-
              plete steps through the list  of  possible  comple-
              tions, inserting each match in turn.  At the end of
              the list of completions, the bell is rung  and  the
              original  text is restored.  An argument of _n moves
              _n positions forward in the list of matches; a nega-
              tive  argument may be used to move backward through
              the list.  This command is intended to be bound  to
              TAB, but is unbound by default.




GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         11





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       delete-char-or-list
              Deletes  the  character  under the cursor if not at
              the beginning or end  of  the  line  (like  delete-
              char).   If at the end of the line, behaves identi-
              cally to  possible-completions.   This  command  is
              unbound by default.

   Keyboard Macros
       start-kbd-macro (C-x (())
              Begin  saving the characters typed into the current
              keyboard macro.
       end-kbd-macro (C-x ))))
              Stop saving the characters typed into  the  current
              keyboard macro and store the definition.
       call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)
              Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by mak-
              ing the characters in the macro appear as if  typed
              at the keyboard.

   Miscellaneous
       re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)
              Read  in  the  contents  of  the  inputrc file, and
              incorporate any bindings  or  variable  assignments
              found there.
       abort (C-g)
              Abort the current editing command and ring the ter-
              minal's   bell   (subject   to   the   setting   of
              bell-style).
       do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, MM--_x,, ......))
              If  the  metafied character _x is lowercase, run the
              command that is bound to the  corresponding  upper-
              case character.
       prefix-meta (ESC)
              Metafy  the next character typed.  ESC ff is equiva-
              lent to Meta-f.
       undo (C-_, C-x C-u)
              Incremental undo, separately  remembered  for  each
              line.
       revert-line (M-r)
              Undo  all  changes made to this line.  This is like
              executing the undo command enough times  to  return
              the line to its initial state.
       tilde-expand (M-&)
              Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
       set-mark (C-@, M-<space>)
              Set  the  mark  to the current point.  If a numeric
              argument is supplied, the mark is set to that posi-
              tion.
       exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)
              Swap  the  point with the mark.  The current cursor
              position is set to the saved position, and the  old
              cursor position is saved as the mark.
       character-search (C-])
              A  character is read and point is moved to the next



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         12





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


              occurrence of that  character.   A  negative  count
              searches for previous occurrences.
       character-search-backward (M-C-])
              A  character is read and point is moved to the pre-
              vious occurrence of  that  character.   A  negative
              count searches for subsequent occurrences.
       insert-comment (M-#)
              The value of the readline comment-begin variable is
              inserted at the beginning of the current line,  and
              the  line  is  accepted  as  if  a newline had been
              typed.  This makes the current line  a  shell  com-
              ment.
       dump-functions
              Print  all  of the functions and their key bindings
              to the readline output stream.  If a numeric  argu-
              ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a
              way that it can be made part of an inputrc file.
       dump-variables
              Print all of the settable variables and their  val-
              ues  to  the  readline output stream.  If a numeric
              argument is supplied, the output  is  formatted  in
              such  a  way that it can be made part of an inputrc
              file.
       dump-macros
              Print all of the readline key  sequences  bound  to
              macros  and  the  strings they ouput.  If a numeric
              argument is supplied, the output  is  formatted  in
              such  a  way that it can be made part of an inputrc
              file.
       emacs-editing-mode (C-e)
              When in vi editing mode, this causes  a  switch  to
              emacs editing mode.
       vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)
              When in emacs editing mode, this causes a switch to
              vi editing mode.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
       The following is a list of the default emacs and vi  bind-
       ings.   Characters  with  the  8th  bit set are written as
       M-<character>, and are referred to as metafied characters.
       The  printable  ASCII characters not mentioned in the list
       of emacs standard bindings are bound  to  the  self-insert
       function,  which just inserts the given character into the
       input line.  In vi  insertion  mode,  all  characters  not
       specifically  mentioned are bound to self-insert.  Charac-
       ters assigned to signal generation by stty(1) or the  ter-
       minal  driver,  such  as C-Z or C-C, retain that function.
       Upper and lower case metafied characters are bound to  the
       same  function in the emacs mode meta keymap.  The remain-
       ing characters are unbound, which causes readline to  ring
       the  bell  (subject to the setting of the bell-style vari-
       able).





GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         13





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


   Emacs Mode
             Emacs Standard bindings

             "C-@"  set-mark
             "C-A"  beginning-of-line
             "C-B"  backward-char
             "C-D"  delete-char
             "C-E"  end-of-line
             "C-F"  forward-char
             "C-G"  abort
             "C-H"  backward-delete-char
             "C-I"  complete
             "C-J"  accept-line
             "C-K"  kill-line
             "C-L"  clear-screen
             "C-M"  accept-line
             "C-N"  next-history
             "C-P"  previous-history
             "C-Q"  quoted-insert
             "C-R"  reverse-search-history
             "C-S"  forward-search-history
             "C-T"  transpose-chars
             "C-U"  unix-line-discard
             "C-V"  quoted-insert
             "C-W"  unix-word-rubout
             "C-Y"  yank
             "C-]"  character-search
             "C-_"  undo
             " " to "/"  self-insert
             "0"  to "9"  self-insert
             ":"  to "~"  self-insert
             "C-?"  backward-delete-char

             Emacs Meta bindings

             "M-C-G"  abort
             "M-C-H"  backward-kill-word
             "M-C-I"  tab-insert
             "M-C-J"  vi-editing-mode
             "M-C-M"  vi-editing-mode
             "M-C-R"  revert-line
             "M-C-Y"  yank-nth-arg
             "M-C-["  complete
             "M-C-]"  character-search-backward
             "M-space"  set-mark
             "M-#"  insert-comment
             "M-&"  tilde-expand
             "M-*"  insert-completions
             "M--"  digit-argument
             "M-."  yank-last-arg
             "M-0"  digit-argument
             "M-1"  digit-argument
             "M-2"  digit-argument
             "M-3"  digit-argument



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         14





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


             "M-4"  digit-argument
             "M-5"  digit-argument
             "M-6"  digit-argument
             "M-7"  digit-argument
             "M-8"  digit-argument
             "M-9"  digit-argument
             "M-<"  beginning-of-history
             "M-="  possible-completions
             "M->"  end-of-history
             "M-?"  possible-completions
             "M-B"  backward-word
             "M-C"  capitalize-word
             "M-D"  kill-word
             "M-F"  forward-word
             "M-L"  downcase-word
             "M-N"  non-incremental-forward-search-history
             "M-P"  non-incremental-reverse-search-history
             "M-R"  revert-line
             "M-T"  transpose-words
             "M-U"  upcase-word
             "M-Y"  yank-pop
             "M-\"  delete-horizontal-space
             "M-~"  tilde-expand
             "M-C-?"  backward-delete-word
             "M-_"  yank-last-arg

             Emacs Control-X bindings

             "C-XC-G"  abort
             "C-XC-R"  re-read-init-file
             "C-XC-U"  undo
             "C-XC-X"  exchange-point-and-mark
             "C-X("  start-kbd-macro
             "C-X)"  end-kbd-macro
             "C-XE"  call-last-kbd-macro
             "C-XC-?"  backward-kill-line


   VI Mode bindings
             VI Insert Mode functions

             "C-D"  vi-eof-maybe
             "C-H"  backward-delete-char
             "C-I"  complete
             "C-J"  accept-line
             "C-M"  accept-line
             "C-R"  reverse-search-history
             "C-S"  forward-search-history
             "C-T"  transpose-chars
             "C-U"  unix-line-discard
             "C-V"  quoted-insert
             "C-W"  unix-word-rubout
             "C-Y"  yank
             "C-["  vi-movement-mode



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         15





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


             "C-_"  undo
             " " to "~"  self-insert
             "C-?"  backward-delete-char

             VI Command Mode functions

             "C-D"  vi-eof-maybe
             "C-E"  emacs-editing-mode
             "C-G"  abort
             "C-H"  backward-char
             "C-J"  accept-line
             "C-K"  kill-line
             "C-L"  clear-screen
             "C-M"  accept-line
             "C-N"  next-history
             "C-P"  previous-history
             "C-Q"  quoted-insert
             "C-R"  reverse-search-history
             "C-S"  forward-search-history
             "C-T"  transpose-chars
             "C-U"  unix-line-discard
             "C-V"  quoted-insert
             "C-W"  unix-word-rubout
             "C-Y"  yank
             " "  forward-char
             "#"  insert-comment
             "$"  end-of-line
             "%"  vi-match
             "&"  vi-tilde-expand
             "*"  vi-complete
             "+"  next-history
             ","  vi-char-search
             "-"  previous-history
             "."  vi-redo
             "/"  vi-search
             "0"  beginning-of-line
             "1" to "9"  vi-arg-digit
             ";"  vi-char-search
             "="  vi-complete
             "?"  vi-search
             "A"  vi-append-eol
             "B"  vi-prev-word
             "C"  vi-change-to
             "D"  vi-delete-to
             "E"  vi-end-word
             "F"  vi-char-search
             "G"  vi-fetch-history
             "I"  vi-insert-beg
             "N"  vi-search-again
             "P"  vi-put
             "R"  vi-replace
             "S"  vi-subst
             "T"  vi-char-search
             "U"  revert-line



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         16





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


             "W"  vi-next-word
             "X"  backward-delete-char
             "Y"  vi-yank-to
             "\"  vi-complete
             "^"  vi-first-print
             "_"  vi-yank-arg
             "`"  vi-goto-mark
             "a"  vi-append-mode
             "b"  vi-prev-word
             "c"  vi-change-to
             "d"  vi-delete-to
             "e"  vi-end-word
             "f"  vi-char-search
             "h"  backward-char
             "i"  vi-insertion-mode
             "j"  next-history
             "k"  prev-history
             "l"  forward-char
             "m"  vi-set-mark
             "n"  vi-search-again
             "p"  vi-put
             "r"  vi-change-char
             "s"  vi-subst
             "t"  vi-char-search
             "u"  undo
             "w"  vi-next-word
             "x"  vi-delete
             "y"  vi-yank-to
             "|"  vi-column
             "~"  vi-change-case

SEE ALSO
       The Gnu Readline Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
       The Gnu History Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
       bash(1)

FILES
       ~/.inputrc
              Individual readline initialization file

AUTHORS
       Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author)
       bfox@ai.MIT.Edu

       Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
       chet@ins.CWRU.Edu

BUG REPORTS
       If you find a bug in readline, you should report it.   But
       first,  you  should make sure that it really is a bug, and
       that it appears in the  latest  version  of  the  readline
       library that you have.

       Once  you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail



GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         17





READLINE(3)                                           READLINE(3)


       a bug report to bug-readline@gnu.org.  If you have a  fix,
       you  are  welcome  to  mail that as well!  Suggestions and
       `philosophical' bug reports may  be  mailed  to  bug-read-
       line@gnu.org   or   posted   to   the   Usenet   newsgroup
       gnu.bash.bug.

       Comments and  bug  reports  concerning  this  manual  page
       should be directed to chet@ins.CWRU.Edu.

BUGS
       It's too big and too slow.














































GNU                        1998 Dec 31                         18


