Test::Class::Tiny(3p)

NAME
Test::Class::Tiny - xUnit in Perl, simplified

SYNOPSIS
    package t::mytest;

    use parent qw( Test::Class::Tiny );

    __PACKAGE__->runtests() if !caller;

    sub T_startup_something {
        # Runs at the start of the test run.
    }

    sub something_T_setup {
        # Runs before each normal test function
    }

    # Expects 2 assertions:
    sub T2_normal {
        ok(1, 'yes');
        ok( !0, 'no');
    }

    # Ignores assertion count:
    sub T0_whatever {
        ok(1, 'yes');
    }

    sub T_teardown_something {
        # Runs after each normal test function
    }

    sub T_shutdown_something {
        # Runs at the end of the test run.
    }

STATUS
This module is EXPERIMENTAL. If you use it, you MUST check the changelog before upgrading to a new version. Any CPAN distributions that use this module could break whenever this module is updated.

DESCRIPTION
Test::Class has served Perl’s xUnit needs for a long time but is incompatible with the Test2 framework. This module allows for a similar workflow but in a way that works with both Test2 and the older, Test::Builder-based modules.

HOW (AND WHY) TO USE THIS MODULE
xUnit encourages well-designed tests by encouraging organization of test logic into independent chunks of test logic rather than a single monolithic block of code.

xUnit provides standard hooks for:

•   startup: The start of all tests

•   setup: The start of an individual test group (i.e., Perl function)

•   teardown: The end of an individual test group

•   shutdown: The end of all tests

To write functions that execute at these points in the workflow, name those functions with the prefixes "T_startup_", "T_setup_", "T_teardown_", or "T_shutdown_". Alternatively, name such functions with the suffixes "_T_startup", "_T_setup", "_T_teardown", or "_T_shutdown".

To write a test function—i.e., a function that actually runs some assertions—prefix the function name with "T", the number of test assertions in the function, then an underscore. For example, a function that contains 9 assertions might be named "T9_check_validation()". If that function doesn’t run exactly 9 assertions, a test failure is produced.

To forgo counting test assertions, use 0 as the test count, e.g., "T0_check_validation()".

You may alternatively use suffix-style naming for test functions well, e.g., "check_validation_T9()", "check_validation_T0()".

The above convention is a significant departure from Test::Class, which uses Perl subroutine attributes to indicate this information. Using method names is dramatically simpler to implement and also easier to type.

In most other respects this module attempts to imitate Test::Class.

  PLANS
The concept of a global “plan” (i.e., an expected number of assertions) isn’t all that sensible with xUnit because each test function has its own plan. So, ideally the total number of expected assertions for a given test module is just the sum of all test functions’ expected assertions.

Thus, currently, "runtests()" sets the Test2::Hub object’s plan to "no_plan" if the plan is undefined.

TEST INHERITANCE
Like Test::Class, this module seamlessly integrates inherited methods. To have one test module inherit another module’s tests, just make that first module a subclass of the latter.

CAVEAT EMPTOR: Inheritance in tests, while occasionally useful, can also make for difficult maintenance over time if overused. Where I’ve found it most useful is cases like Promise::ES6, where each test needs to run with each backend implementation.

RUNNING YOUR TEST
To use this module to write normal Perl test scripts, just define the script’s package (ideally not "main", but it’ll work) as a subclass of this module. Then put the following somewhere in the script:

    __PACKAGE__->runtests() if !caller;

Your test will thus execute as a “modulino”.

SPECIAL FEATURES

•   As in Test::Class, a "SKIP_CLASS()" method may be defined. If this method returns truthy, then the class’s tests are skipped, and that truthy return is given as the reason for the skip.

•   The "TEST_METHOD" environment variable is honored as in Test::Class.

•   Test::Class’s "fail_if_returned_early()" method is NOT recognized here because an early return will already trigger a failure.

•   Within a test method, "num_tests()" may be called to retrieve the number of expected test assertions.

•   To define a test function whose test count isn’t known until runtime, name it without the usual "T$num" prefix, then at runtime do:

        $test_obj->num_method_tests( $name, $count )

    See t/ in the distribution for an example of this.

COMMON PITFALLS
Avoid the following:

•   Writing startup logic outside of the module class, e.g.:

        if (!caller) {
            my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('Some::Module');
            $mock->redefine('somefunc', sub { .. } );

            __PACKAGE__->runtests();
        }

    The above works only if the test module runs in its own process; if you try to run this module with anything else it’ll fail because "caller()" will be truthy, which will prevent the mocking from being set up, which your test probably depends on.

    Instead of the above, write a wrapper around "runtests()", thus:

        sub runtests {
            my $self = shift;

            my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('Some::Module');
            $mock->redefine('somefunc', sub { .. } );

            $self->SUPER::runtests();
        }

    This ensures your test module will always run with the intended mocking.

•   REDUX: Writing startup logic outside of the module class, e.g.:

        my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('Some::Module');
        $mock->redefine('somefunc', sub { .. } );

        __PACKAGE__->runtests() if !caller;

    This is even worse than before because the mock will be global, which will quietly apply it where we don’t intend. This produces action-at-a-distance bugs, which can be notoriously hard to find.

SEE ALSO
Besides Test::Class, you might also look at the following:

•   Test2::Tools::xUnit also implements xUnit for Test2 but doesn’t allow inheritance.

•   Test::Class::Moose works with Test2, but the Moose requirement makes use in CPAN modules problematic.

AUTHOR
Copyright 2019 Gasper Software Consulting <http://gaspersoftware.com> (FELIPE)

LICENSE
This code is licensed under the same license as Perl itself.