CLHS: Function CERROR

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Function CERROR

Syntax:

cerror continue-format-control datum `&rest` arguments => nil

Arguments and Values:

Continue-format-control---a format control.

datum, arguments---designators for a condition of default type simple-error.

Description:

cerror effectively invokes error on the condition named by datum. As with any function that implicitly calls error, if the condition is not handled, `(invoke-debugger` condition`)` is executed. While signaling is going on, and while in the debugger if it is reached, it is possible to continue code execution (i.e., to return from cerror) using the continue restart.

If datum is a condition, arguments can be supplied, but are used only in conjunction with the continue-format-control.

Examples:

     (defun real-sqrt (n)
       (when (minusp n)
         (setq n (- n))
         (cerror "Return sqrt(~D) instead." "Tried to take sqrt(-~D)." n))
       (sqrt n))

     (real-sqrt 4)
    =>  2.0

     (real-sqrt -9)
    >>  Correctable error in REAL-SQRT: Tried to take sqrt(-9).
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Return sqrt(9) instead.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    =>  3.0

     (define-condition not-a-number (error)
       ((argument :reader not-a-number-argument :initarg :argument))
       (:report (lambda (condition stream)
                  (format stream "~S is not a number."
                          (not-a-number-argument condition)))))

     (defun assure-number (n)
       (loop (when (numberp n) (return n))
             (cerror "Enter a number."
                     'not-a-number :argument n)
             (format t "~&Type a number: ")
             (setq n (read))
             (fresh-line)))

     (assure-number 'a)
    >>  Correctable error in ASSURE-NUMBER: A is not a number.
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Enter a number.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    >>  Type a number: 1/2
    =>  1/2

     (defun assure-large-number (n)
       (loop (when (and (numberp n) (> n 73)) (return n))
             (cerror "Enter a number~:[~; a bit larger than ~D~]."
                     "~*~A is not a large number."
                     (numberp n) n)
             (format t "~&Type a large number: ")
             (setq n (read))
             (fresh-line)))

     (assure-large-number 10000)
    =>  10000

     (assure-large-number 'a)
    >>  Correctable error in ASSURE-LARGE-NUMBER: A is not a large number.
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Enter a number.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    >>  Type a large number: 88
    =>  88

     (assure-large-number 37)
    >>  Correctable error in ASSURE-LARGE-NUMBER: 37 is not a large number.
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Enter a number a bit larger than 37.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    >>  Type a large number: 259
    =>  259

     (define-condition not-a-large-number (error)
       ((argument :reader not-a-large-number-argument :initarg :argument))
       (:report (lambda (condition stream)
                  (format stream "~S is not a large number."
                          (not-a-large-number-argument condition)))))

     (defun assure-large-number (n)
       (loop (when (and (numberp n) (> n 73)) (return n))
             (cerror "Enter a number~3*~:[~; a bit larger than ~*~D~]."
                     'not-a-large-number
                     :argument n
                     :ignore (numberp n)
                     :ignore n
                     :allow-other-keys t)
             (format t "~&Type a large number: ")
             (setq n (read))
             (fresh-line)))

     (assure-large-number 'a)
    >>  Correctable error in ASSURE-LARGE-NUMBER: A is not a large number.
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Enter a number.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    >>  Type a large number: 88
    =>  88

     (assure-large-number 37)
    >>  Correctable error in ASSURE-LARGE-NUMBER: A is not a large number.
    >>  Restart options:
    >>   1: Enter a number a bit larger than 37.
    >>   2: Top level.
    >>  Debug> :continue 1
    >>  Type a large number: 259
    =>  259

Affected By:

*break-on-signals*.

Existing handler bindings.

Exceptional Situations: None.

See Also:

error, format, handler-bind, *break-on-signals*, simple-type-error

Notes:

If datum is a condition type rather than a string, the format directive `~*` may be especially useful in the continue-format-control in order to ignore the keywords in the initialization argument list. For example:

    (cerror "enter a new value to replace ~*~s"
            'not-a-number
            :argument a)

The following X3J13 cleanup issue, not part of the specification, applies to this section:

- FORMAT-STRING-ARGUMENTS:SPECIFY

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