CLHS: Issue LAST-N Writeup

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## Issue LAST-N Writeup

    Issue:        LAST-N
    References:   LAST (p267)
    Category:     ENHANCEMENT
    Edit history: 04-Dec-87, Version 1 by Pitman
    	      12-Mar-88, Version 2 by Pitman

    Problem Description:

      People always ask why LAST returns a cons and not an element.

      BUTLAST takes an argument N but LAST does not.

    Proposal (LAST-N:ALLOW-OPTIONAL-ARGUMENT):

      Allow LAST to take an optional argument N, saying how many cells to return.
      The default for N would be 1.

      It is an error if N is negative or L is circular.

      If N is zero, then the atom that terminates the list L is returned.

      If N is greater than or equal to the number of cons cells in the list
      L, then the result is L.

    Test Cases:

     (LAST    '(A B C) 0) => ()
     (BUTLAST '(A B C) 0) => (A B C)

     (LAST    '(A B C) 1) => (C)
     (BUTLAST '(A B C) 1) => (A B)

     (LAST    '(A B C) 2) => (B C)
     (BUTLAST '(A B C) 2) => (A)

     (LAST    '(A B C) 3) => (A B C)
     (BUTLAST '(A B C) 3) => ()

     (LAST    '(A B C) 4) => (A B C)
     (BUTLAST '(A B C) 4) => ()

     (LAST    '(A B C))   => (C)
     (BUTLAST '(A B C))   => (A B)

     (LAST '(A . B) 0)    => B
     (LAST '(A . B) 1)    => (A . B)
     (LAST '(A . B) 2)    => (A . B)

    Rationale:

      BUTLAST and LAST would select complementary parts of a list in general.
      That is (EQUAL L (APPEND (BUTLAST L N) (LAST L N))) would be T for N >= 0
      and L being a proper list.

      This would make it more obvious why LAST should return a list and not
      an element. ie, it would return the "last N elements" where N=1 by default.

    Current Practice:

      Probably nobody does this.

    Adoption Cost:

      Very slight. The following code would suffice:

      (DEFUN LAST (LIST &OPTIONAL (N 1))
        (CHECK-TYPE N (INTEGER 0))
        (DO ((L LIST (CDR L))
    	 (R LIST)
    	 (I 0 (+ I 1)))
    	((ATOM L) R)
          (IF (>= I N) (POP R))))

      Some implementations might want to provide compiler optimizations for
      the N=1 case.

    Benefits:

      This utility is probably needed often enough to warrant its inclusion.
      It's present (as a separate function called NLEFT) in Symbolics Common
      Lisp and Interlisp.

    Conversion Cost:

      None. This is an upward compatible extension.

    Aesthetics:

      This would make things a little prettier.

    Discussion:

      This suggestion came up recently on a Symbolics design discussion list.
      Symbolics is contemplating offering it as an extension, but it seemed like
      the rest of the CL community might want to adopt it, too.  Pitman thinks
      it's a nice idea.

      Masinter opposes this extension as gratuitous.

      Moon and Daniels think this is very low priority but have expressed a
      lack of major objection to this proposal.

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