/* mpz_fib_ui -- calculate Fibonacci numbers.

Copyright 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of the GNU MP Library.

The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MP Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include "gmp.h"
#include "gmp-impl.h"
#include "longlong.h"


/* change to "#define TRACE(x) x" to get some traces */
#define TRACE(x)


/* In the F[2k+1] below for k odd, the -2 won't give a borrow from the low
   limb because the result F[2k+1] is an F[4m+3] and such numbers are always
   == 1, 2 or 5 mod 8, whereas an underflow would leave 6 or 7.  (This is
   the same as in mpn_fib2_ui.)

   In the F[2k+1] for k even, the +2 won't give a carry out of the low limb
   in normal circumstances.  This is an F[4m+1] and we claim that F[3*2^b+1]
   == 1 mod 2^b is the first F[4m+1] congruent to 0 or 1 mod 2^b, and hence
   if n < 2^BITS_PER_MP_LIMB then F[n] cannot have a low limb of 0 or 1.  No
   proof for this claim, but it's been verified up to b==32 and has such a
   nice pattern it must be true :-).  Of interest is that F[3*2^b] == 0 mod
   2^(b+1) seems to hold too.

   When n >= 2^BITS_PER_MP_LIMB, which can arise in test setups with a small
   limb, then the low limb of F[4m+1] can certainly be 1, and an mpn_add_1
   must be used.  */

void
mpz_fib_ui (mpz_ptr fn, unsigned long n)
{
  mp_ptr         fp, xp, yp;
  mp_size_t      size, xalloc;
  unsigned long  n2;
  mp_limb_t      c, c2;
  TMP_DECL (marker);

  if (n <= FIB_TABLE_LIMIT)
    {
      PTR(fn)[0] = FIB_TABLE (n);
      SIZ(fn) = (n != 0);      /* F[0]==0, others are !=0 */
      return;
    }

  n2 = n/2;
  xalloc = MPN_FIB2_SIZE (n2) + 1;
  MPZ_REALLOC (fn, 2*xalloc+1);
  fp = PTR (fn);

  TMP_MARK (marker);
  TMP_ALLOC_LIMBS_2 (xp,xalloc, yp,xalloc);
  size = mpn_fib2_ui (xp, yp, n2);

  TRACE (printf ("mpz_fib_ui last step n=%lu size=%ld bit=%lu\n",
                 n >> 1, size, n&1);
         mpn_trace ("xp", xp, size);
         mpn_trace ("yp", yp, size));

  if (n & 1)
    {
      /* F[2k+1] = (2F[k]+F[k-1])*(2F[k]-F[k-1]) + 2*(-1)^k  */
      mp_size_t  xsize, ysize;

#if HAVE_NATIVE_mpn_addsub_n
      xp[size] = mpn_lshift (xp, xp, size, 1);
      yp[size] = 0;
      ASSERT_NOCARRY (mpn_addsub_n (xp, yp, xp, yp, size+1));
      xsize = size + (xp[size] != 0);
      ysize = size + (yp[size] != 0);
#else
      c2 = mpn_lshift (fp, xp, size, 1);
      c = c2 + mpn_add_n (xp, fp, yp, size);
      xp[size] = c;
      xsize = size + (c != 0);
      c2 -= mpn_sub_n (yp, fp, yp, size);
      yp[size] = c2;
      ASSERT (c2 <= 1);
      ysize = size + c2;
#endif

      size = xsize + ysize;
      c = mpn_mul (fp, xp, xsize, yp, ysize);

#if BITS_PER_MP_LIMB >= BITS_PER_ULONG
      /* no overflow, see comments above */
      ASSERT (n & 2 ? fp[0] >= 2 : fp[0] <= MP_LIMB_T_MAX-2);
      fp[0] += (n & 2 ? -CNST_LIMB(2) : CNST_LIMB(2));
#else
      /* this code only for testing with small limbs, limb<ulong is unusual */
      if (n & 2)
        {
          ASSERT (fp[0] >= 2);
          fp[0] -= 2;
        }
      else
        {
          ASSERT (c != MP_LIMB_T_MAX); /* because it's the high of a mul */
          c += mpn_add_1 (fp, fp, size-1, CNST_LIMB(2));
          fp[size-1] = c;
        }          
#endif
    }
  else
    {
      /* F[2k] = F[k]*(F[k]+2F[k-1]) */

      mp_size_t  xsize, ysize;
      c = mpn_lshift (yp, yp, size, 1);
      c += mpn_add_n (yp, yp, xp, size);
      yp[size] = c;
      xsize = size;
      ysize = size + (c != 0);
      size += ysize;
      c = mpn_mul (fp, yp, ysize, xp, xsize);
    }

  /* one or two high zeros */
  size -= (c == 0);
  size -= (fp[size-1] == 0);
  SIZ(fn) = size;

  TRACE (printf ("done special, size=%ld\n", size);
         mpn_trace ("fp ", fp, size));

  TMP_FREE (marker);
}
