#  You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License
#  or the Artistic License (the same terms as Perl itself)
#
#  (C) Paul Evans, 2010-2014 -- leonerd@leonerd.org.uk

package Net::LibAsyncNS;

use strict;
use warnings;

our $VERSION = '0.03';

require XSLoader;
XSLoader::load( __PACKAGE__, $VERSION );

=head1 NAME

C<Net::LibAsyncNS> - a Perl wrapper around F<libasyncns>

=head1 SYNOPSIS

   use Net::LibAsyncNS;
   use Socket qw( SOCK_RAW );

   my $asyncns = Net::LibAsyncNS->new( 1 );

   # By specifying this socktype hint, we only get one result per address family
   my %hints = ( socktype => SOCK_RAW );

   my $query = $asyncns->getaddrinfo( "localhost", undef, \%hints );

   while( $asyncns->getnqueries ) {
      $asyncns->wait( 1 );

      if( $query->isdone ) {
         my ( $err, @res ) = $asyncns->getaddrinfo_done( $query );
         die "getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;

         foreach my $res ( @res ) {
            printf "family=%d, addr=%v02x\n", $res->{family}, $res->{addr};
         }
      }
   }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The name resolver functions C<getaddrinfo> and C<getnameinfo> as provided by
most C libraries are blocking functions; they will perform their work and
return an answer when it is ready. This makes it hard to use these name
resolvers in asynchronous or non-blocking code.

The F<libasyncns> library provides a way to invoke these library functions
from within an asynchronous or non-blocking program.  Individual resolver
queries are made by calling a function which returns an object representing
an outstanding query (a kind of future). A filehandle is provided by the
resolver to watch for readability; when it is readable, a function should be
called to collect completed queries. The example in the SYNOPSIS above does
not demonstrate this; see the EXAMPLES section below for one that does.

=cut

=head1 CONSTRUCTOR

=cut

=head2 new

   $asyncns = Net::LibAsyncNS->new( $n_proc )

Construct a new C<Net::LibAsyncNS> object. It will be initialised with
C<$n_proc> processes or threads to handle nameserver lookups.

=cut

=head1 METHODS

=cut

# The following documents the various XS-implemented methods in LibAsyncNS.xs in
# the same order

=head2 fd

   $fd = $asyncns->fd

Returns a file descriptor number to poll for readability on.

=cut

=head2 new_handle_for_fd

   $handle = $asyncns->new_handle_for_fd

Returns a new C<IO::Handle> object wrapping the underlying file descriptor.
Note that the handle is I<not> cached; a new object is created each time this
method is called. For well-behaved results, this should only be called once.

=cut

sub new_handle_for_fd
{
   my $self = shift;
   require IO::Handle;
   return IO::Handle->new->fdopen( $self->fd, "<" );
}

=head2 wait

   $success = $asyncns->wait( $block )

Wait for more queries to be ready. If C<$block> is true, this method will
block until at least one query is ready, if false it will process any pending
IO without blocking. It returns true if the operation was successful or false
if an IO error happened; C<$!> will be set in this case.

=cut

=head2 getnqueries

   $n = $asyncns->getnqueries

Return the number of outstanding queries.

=cut

=head2 getaddrinfo

   $q = $asyncns->getaddrinfo( $host, $service, $hints )

Starts an asynchronous C<getaddrinfo> resolution on the given C<$host> and
C<$service> names. If provided, C<$hints> should be a HASH reference where the
following keys are recognised:

=over 8

=item flags => INT

=item family => INT

=item socktype => INT

=item protocol => INT

=back

=cut

=head2 getaddrinfo_done

   ( $err, @res ) = $asyncns->getaddrinfo_done( $q )

Finishes a C<getaddrinfo> resolution, returning an error code, and a list of
results. Each result will be a HASH reference containing the following keys:

=over 8

=item family => INT

=item socktype => INT

=item protocol => INT

Socket type values to pass to C<socket>

=item addr => STRING

Address to pass to C<connect>

=item canonname => STRING

If requested, the canonical hostname for this address

=back

=cut

=head2 getnameinfo

   $q = $asyncns->getnameinfo( $addr, $flags, $wanthost, $wantserv )

Starts an asynchronous C<getnameinfo> resolution on the given address. The
C<$wanthost> and C<$wantserv> booleans indicate if the hostname or service
name are required.

=cut

=head2 getnameinfo_done

   ( $err, $host, $service ) = $asyncns->getnameinfo_done( $q )

Finishes a C<getnameinfo> resolution, returning an error code, the hostname
and service name, if requested.

=cut

=head2 res_query

=head2 res_search

   $q = $asyncns->res_query( $dname, $class, $type )

   $q = $asyncns->res_search( $dname, $class, $type )

Starts an asynchronous C<res_query> or C<res_search> resolution on the given
domain name, class and type.

=head2 res_done

   $answer = $asyncns->res_done( $q )

Finishes a C<res_query> or C<res_search> resolution, returning the answer in a
packed string, or C<undef> if it fails. If it fails C<$!> will contain the
error details.

=head2 isdone

   $done = $asyncns->isdone( $q )

Returns true if the given query is ready.

=cut

=head2 getnext

   $q = $asyncns->getnext

Returns the next query object that is completed, or C<undef> if none are ready
yet. This will only yet be valid after calling the C<wait> method at least
once.

=head2 cancel

   $asyncns->cancel( $q )

Cancels a currently outstanding query. After this is called, the query in
C<$q> should not be further accessed, as memory associated with it will have
been reclaimed.

=cut

=head2 setuserdata

   $asyncns->setuserdata( $q, $data )

Stores an arbitrary Perl scalar with the query. It can later be retrieved
using C<getuserdata>.

=cut

=head2 getuserdata

   $data = $asyncns->getuserdata( $q )

Returns the Perl scalar previously stored with the query, or C<undef> if no
value has yet been set.

=cut

=head1 CONSTANTS

The following constants are provided by L<Net::LibAsyncNS::Constants>.

Flags for C<getaddrinfo>:

   AI_PASSIVE
   AI_CANONNAME
   AI_NUMERICHOST
   AI_NUMERICSERV

Error values:

   EAI_BADFLAGS
   EAI_NONAME
   EAI_AGAIN
   EAI_FAIL
   EAI_NODATA
   EAI_FAMILY
   EAI_SERVICE
   EAI_SOCKTYPE
   EAI_ADDRFAMILY
   EAI_MEMORY

Flags for C<getnameinfo>:

   NI_NUMERICHOST
   NI_NUMERICSERV
   NI_NAMEREQD
   NI_DGRAM

=cut

=head1 QUERY OBJECTS

The following methods are available on query objects, returned by
C<getaddrinfo> and C<getnameinfo>.

=cut

=head2 asyncns

   $asyncns = $query->asyncns

Returns the underlying C<Net::LibAsyncNS> object backing the query

=cut

=head2 isdone

   $done = $query->isdone

=head2 setuserdata

   $query->setuserdata( $data )

=head2 getuserdata

   $data = $query->getuserdata

Shortcuts to the equivalent method on the underlying C<Net::LibAsyncNS> object

=cut

sub Net::LibAsyncNS::Query::isdone
{
   my $q = shift;
   $q->asyncns->isdone( $q );
}

sub Net::LibAsyncNS::Query::setuserdata
{
   my $q = shift;
   $q->asyncns->setuserdata( $q, @_ );
}

sub Net::LibAsyncNS::Query::getuserdata
{
   my $q = shift;
   $q->asyncns->getuserdata( $q );
}

=head1 EXAMPLES

=head2 Multiple Queries

The SYNOPSIS example only has one outstanding query. To wait for multiple
queries to complete, the C<getnext> method can be used. Per-query context data
can be stored in the query itself by using the C<setuserdata> and
C<getuserdata> accessors.

   use Net::LibAsyncNS;
   use Socket qw( SOCK_RAW );

   my $asyncns = Net::LibAsyncNS->new( 1 );

   my %hints = ( socktype => SOCK_RAW );
   my @hosts = qw( some hostnames here );

   foreach my $host ( @hosts ) {
      my $query = $asyncns->getaddrinfo( $host, undef, \%hints );
      $query->setuserdata( $host );
   }

   while( $asyncns->getnqueries ) {
      $asyncns->wait( 1 ) or die "asyncns_wait: $!";

      while( my $query = $asyncns->getnext ) {
         my ( $err, @res ) = $asyncns->getaddrinfo_done( $query );
         my $host = $query->getuserdata;

         print "$host - $err\n" and next if $err;

         foreach my $res ( @res ) {
            printf "%s is: family=%d, addr=%v02x\n", 
               $host, $res->{family}, $res->{addr};
         }
      }
   }

In this example, the per-query data stored by C<setuserdata> is just the
hostname, but any Perl scalar may be stored, such as a HASH ref containing
many keys, or CODE ref to a callback function of some kind.

=head2 Non-blocking IO

The examples above wait synchronously for the query/queries to complete, in
the C<wait> method. However, most of the point of this library is to allow
asynchronous resolver calls to mix with other asynchronous and non-blocking
code. This is achieved by the containing program waiting for a filehandle to
become readable, and to call C<< $asyncns->wait( 0 ) >> when it is.

The following example shows integration with a simple C<IO::Poll>-based
program.

   use IO::Poll;
   use Net::LibAsyncNS;
   use Socket qw( SOCK_RAW );

   my $asyncns = Net::LibAsyncNS->new( 1 );
   my %hints = ( socktype => SOCK_RAW );

   my @hosts = qw( some hostnames here );

   foreach my $host ( @hosts ) {
      my $query = $asyncns->getaddrinfo( $host, undef, \%hints );
      $query->setuserdata( $host );
   }

   my $asyncns_handle = $asyncns->new_handle_for_fd;

   my $poll = IO::Poll->new;
   $poll->mask( $asyncns_handle => POLLIN );

   while( $asyncns->getnqueries ) {
      defined $poll->poll or die "poll() - $!";

      if( $poll->events( $asyncns_handle ) ) {
         while( my $query = $asyncns->getnext ) {
            my ( $err, @res ) = $asyncns->getaddrinfo_done( $query );
            my $host = $query->getuserdata;

            print "$host - $err\n" and next if $err;

            foreach my $res ( @res ) {
               printf "%s is: family=%d, addr=%v02x\n", 
                  $host, $res->{family}, $res->{addr};
            }
         }
      }
   }

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item *

L<http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/libasyncns> is a C library for
Linux/Unix for executing name service queries asynchronously. It is an
asynchronous wrapper around getaddrinfo(3), getnameinfo(3), res_query(3) and
res_search(3) from libc and libresolv.

=back

=cut

=head1 AUTHOR

Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>

=cut

0x55AA;
